Many anatomical terms descriptive of bone are defined in anatomical terminology, and are often derived from Greek and Latin.

A long bone is one that is cylindrical in shape, being longer than it is wide. However, the term describes the shape of a bone, not its size, which is relative. Long bones are found in the arms (humerus, ulna, radius) and legs (femur, tibia, fibula), as well as in the fingers (metacarpals, phalanges) and toes (metatarsals, phalanges). Long bones function as levers; they move when muscles contract. They are responsible for the body's height.

Clavicle	rom Latin clāvicula (“a small key”), diminutive of clāvis (“a key”)
Femur	Borrowed from Latin femur (“thigh”).
Fibula	from Latin fībula (“buckle, clasp, pin”) fīgō (“to fix, fasten, thrust in”) +‎ -bula (instrumental nominal suffix).
Humerus	cognate include Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos), Sanskrit अंस (áṃsa)
Iliac	from Ancient Greek εἰλεός (eileós, “colic”)
metarcarpal	Latin carpō (“to pick”), as well as Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “to cut off”)
Metatarsal	from Ancient Greek τᾰρσός (tarsós, “the flat of the foot;
Phalanges	From Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, plank”).
Pubic	from pubes - adult
Radius	Borrowed from Latin radius (“ray”). Doublet of ray.
Tibia	Ancient Greek σίφων (síphōn, “siphon, tube”)
Ulna	Greek ὠλένη (ōlénē, “elbow”), Sanskrit अणि (aṇi, “the point of a needle”)

A short bone is one that is cube-like in shape, being approximately equal in length, width, and thickness. The only short bones in the human skeleton are in the carpals of the wrists and the tarsals of the ankles. Short bones provide stability and support as well as some limited motion.

hyoid	from ὖ (û, “the Greek letter upsilon”) +‎ -ο- (-o-) +‎ -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”)
cuboid	from Latin cubus, from Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos)
talus	cognate with Sanskrit तल (tala, “plane, surface”)
trapezoid	From Ancient Greek τραπέζιον (trapézion, “irregular quadrilateral”, literally “a little table”)
ethmoid	from ἠθμός (ēthmós, “strainer, sieve”) +‎ -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-form, -like”).
triquetral	from tri + quetrus – Three-cornered
vomer	From Latin vōmer (“ploughshare”).
lunate	From Latin lūnātus (“crescent-shaped”), from lūna (“moon”).
navicular	from Latin nāvicula, diminutive of nāvis (“ship”),
scaphoid	from Ancient Greek σκᾰφοειδής (skaphoeidḗs, “like a bowl, hollow”)
calcaneum	From Latin calx, calcis (“heel”). ( calco - to put on shoes )
trapezium	From Ancient Greek τραπέζιον (trapézion, “irregular quadrilateral”, literally “a little table”)
incus	Borrowed from Latin incūs (“anvil”).( From incūdō (“forge, fabricate”), from in- + cūdō - strike)
lacrimal bone	from Medieval Latin lacrimālis, from lacrima (“a tear”)
malleus	From Latin malleus (“hammer, mallet”). Doublet of maul.
nasal bone	compare Latin nāris (“nostril”), nāsus (“nose”),
stapes	From Medieval Latin stapēs (“stirrup”). Doublet of step. from stō (“to stand”) +‎ pēs (“foot”)

• Main article: Flat bone
• 

The term “flat bone” is something of a misnomer because, although a flat bone is typically thin, it is also often curved. Examples include the cranial (skull) bones, the scapulae (shoulder blades), the sternum (breastbone), and the ribs. Flat bones serve as points of attachment for muscles and often protect internal organs. Flat bones do not have a medullary cavity because they are thin.

Frontal	from frons (“the forehead, brow, front”) +‎ -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix),
Occipital bone	from Latin occipitālis, from From ob- (“at, before, over”) +‎ caput (“the head”).
Parietal bone	From Latin parietālis, from pariēs (“wall”).
Ribs	possibly from ribbon
Scapula	from Classical Latin scapulae (“shoulders”)
Sternum	Borrowed from Ancient Greek στέρνον (stérnon, “breast, chest; breastbone”).

• Main article: Irregular bone
• 

An irregular bone is one that does not have an easily classified shape and defies description. These bones tend to have more complex shapes, like the vertebrae that support the spinal cord and protect it from compressive forces. Many facial bones, particularly the ones containing sinuses, are classified as irregular bones.

Coccyx	from Ancient Greek κόκκυξ (kókkux, “cuckoo”)
Mandible	from mandō (“to chew, masticate”) +‎ -bula (instrument noun suffix).
Maxilla	From māla (“the cheekbone, jaw”) +‎ -illa (diminutive nominal suffix)
Palatine bone	from palātium (“palace”) +‎ -īnus (“-ine”,
Sacrum	From Latin os sacrum (“holy bone”)
Sphenoid	from σφήν (sphḗn, “wedge”) +‎ -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-form, -like”).
Temporal	Latin temporālis (“of time (in grammar),
Vertebra	Borrowing from Latin vertebra (“a joint”), from vertō (“to turn”) +‎ -bra (instrumental nominal suffix)
Zygomatic bone	From Ancient Greek ζύγωμα (zúgōma), from ζυγόν (zugón, “yoke”)

Main article: Sesamoid bone A sesamoid bone is a small, round bone that, as the name suggests, is shaped like a sesame seed. These bones form in tendons (the sheaths of tissue that connect bones to muscles) where a great deal of pressure is generated in a joint. The sesamoid bones protect tendons by helping them overcome compressive forces. Sesamoid bones vary in number and placement from person to person but are typically found in tendons associated with the feet, hands, and knees. The only type of sesamoid bone that is common to everybody is the kneecap (patella, pl. patellae) which is also the largest of the sesamoid bones.

Different types of bone markings and features.

A condyle(उभार,स्थूलक) is the round prominence at the end of a bone, most often part of a joint – an articulation with another bone. The epicondyle refers to a projection near a condyle, particularly the medial epicondyle of the humerus. These terms derive from Greek.

An eminence (उत्सेध) refers to a relatively small projection or bump, particularly of bone, such as the medial eminence.

A process(प्रवर्ध) refers to a relatively large projection or prominent bump, as does a promontory such as the sacral promontory.

Both tubercle(गुलिका) and tuberosity (गंडक ) refer to a projection or bump with a roughened surface, with a tubercle generally smaller than a tuberosity. These terms are derived from Tuber (Latin: swelling).

LATIN	MANTRAKSHAR	FEATURE	ETYMOLOGY	Examples
Condylus		Condyle	from Ancient Greek κόνδυλος (kóndulos, “knuckle”).	occipital condyle,medial condyle , lateral condyle
epicondylus		Epicondyle	epi + from Ancient Greek κόνδυλος (kóndulos, “knuckle”).	medial epicondyle , lateral epicondyle
tuberculum		Tubercle	From Latin tūber (“bump, hump, swelling”).	greater tubercle , lesser tubercle,pubic tubercle , iliac tubercle , adductor tubercle , conoid tubercle, infra glenoid tubercle,
tuberositas		Tuberosity	From Latin tūber (“bump, hump, swelling”).	delotid tuberosity , ischial tuberosity , radial tuberosity , ulnar tuberosity ,
processus		Process	From prō- +‎ cēdō.	acromion process , mastoid proces , coracoid process , styloid process , odontoid process , transverse process , spinous process
		Promontory	from prō- + *mineō (“to project or jut”),	sacral promontory
		Eminence	From ex- (“out of”) +‎ *mineō, (stand out)	medial eminence
Capitulum humeri		capitulum
trochlea humeri		trochlea

A line (रेखा ) refers to a long, thin projection, often with a rough surface.

A spine(कंटिका ) , as well as referring to the spinal cord, may be used to describe a relatively long, thin projection or bump.

LATIN	MANTRAKSHAR	feature	example
Spina		spine	spinous process , spine of scapula , iliac spine , ischial spine

Openings The following terms are used to describe cavities that connect to other areas:

A foramen (रन्द्र,छिद्र ) is any opening, particularly referring to those in bone. Foramina inside the body of humans and other animals typically allow muscles, nerves, arteries, veins, or other structures to connect one part of the body with another.

A fovea (Latin: pit) is a small pit, usually on the head of a bone. An example of a fovea is the fovea capitis of the head of the femur.

		fovea	fovea capitis
		fenestra	fenestra
		opening	opening
		foramen	Foramen spinosum , foramen rotundum , foramen ovale , foramen lacerum , foramen Magnum , internal jugular foramen , incisive foramen , palatine foramen ,vertebral foramen
		fissure	superior orbital fissure

LATIN	MANTRAKSHAR	Feature	example
		meatus	acoustic meatus (internal and external ,
		canal	incisive canal, Hypoglossal canal , optic canal

A canal(नली , is a long, tunnel-like foramen, usually a passage for notable nerves or blood vessels.

A meatus is a short canal that opens to another part of the body.

A fossa ( गर्त ) (from the Latin fossa, ditch or trench) is a depression or hollow, usually in a bone, such as the hypophyseal fossa, the depression in the sphenoid bone.

incisura		notch	radial notch , sternal notch , suprascapular notch , ulnar notch , trochlear notch , fibular noitch
Sulcus		groove	radial groove , intertubercular groove , bicipital groove , mylohyoid groove , costal groove , subclavian groove
fossa		fossa	cranial fossa , pterygopalatine fossa ,mandibular fossa , supraspinous fossa , infraspinous fossa , coronoid fossa , cranial fossa , radial fossa , olecranon fossa
		sella	tuberculum sellar,sella turcica
		sulcus	intertubercular sulcus

Ridge (कटक) and crest (शिखा) refer to a long, narrow line. Unlike many words used to describe anatomical terms, the word ridge is derived from Old English.

crista		ridge	supracondylar ridge
linea		line	linea aspera , mylohyoid line , trapezoid line
crista		crest	iliac crest , pubic crest

These terms are used to describe bony protuberances in specific parts of the body.

The Malleolus (Latin: small hammer) is the bony prominence on each side of the ankle. These are known as the medial and lateral malleolus. Each leg is supported by two bones, the tibia on the inner side (medial) of the leg and the fibula on the outer side (lateral) of the leg. The medial malleolus is the prominence on the inner side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the tibia. The lateral malleolus is the prominence on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the fibula.

The trochanters are parts of the femur, to which muscles attach. It may refer to the greater, lesser, or third trochanter

Latin	MANTRAKSHAR	feature	example
Malleolus		malleolus	medial malleolus , lateral malleolus
		disc	lateral disc
arcus		arch	medial arch
Trochanter		trochanter	greater trochanter , lesser trochanter
		fennel	fennel
		pedicle
capit , caput		head	head of femur ,
collum		neck	neck of femur ,

The following terms are used to describe the walls of a cavity:

A labyrinth refers to the bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth, components of the inner ear, due to their fine and complex structure.

A sinus refers to a bony cavity, usually within the skull.

Main article: Joint A joint, or articulation is the region where adjacent bones contact each other, for example the elbow, shoulder, or costovertebral joint. Terms that refer to joints include:

articular process, referring to a projection that contacts an adjacent bone. suture, referring to an articulation between cranial bones. Features of long bones

Gross overview of the features of long bones in a fully grown adult. Gross features Bones are commonly described with the terms head, neck, shaft, body and base

The head of a bone usually refers to the proximal end of the bone. The shaft refers to the elongated sections of long bone, and the neck the segment between the head and shaft (or body). The end of the long bone opposite to the head is known as the base.

Internal regions

The epiphyseal plate is the area in which bone growth occurs after birth through endochondral ossification. More information Bone feature, Definition … Internal and external

Inside of the head of femur, showing surface of the bone, red and yellow bone marrow. The cortex of a bone is used to refer to its outer layers, and medulla used to refer to the inner surface of the bone. Red marrow, in which blood is formed is present in spongy bone as well as in the medullary cavity, while the fatty yellow marrow is present primarily in the medullary cavity.

Head - Neck - surgical neck , morphological , anatomical

• Patella - knee cap
• Radius -
• Ulna
• Femur - thigh bone
• Tibia - shin bone
• Fibula - calf bone
• Tarsal - ankle bones
• Carpals - wrist bones
• Phalanges - finger bones
• Maxilla - upper jaw bone
• Mandible - lower jaw bone
• Hyoid -
• Clavicle - collar bone
• Scapula - shoulder blade
• Humerus - arm bone
• Frontal - forehead bone
• Temporal - sidehead bone
• Occipital - backhead bone
• Parietal - apexhead bone
• sternum - breast bone / chest sword
• ribs - ribbon bone
• vertebra - back bone
• cervical vertebra - backneck bone
• thoracic vertebra - back chest bone
• lumbar vertebra - backwaist bone
• sacral vertebra -
• Coccyx - tail bone
• Sphenoid - bird bone
• ethmoid bone -
• zygomatic bone - cheek bone
• nasal bone - nose bone
• lacrimal bone - tears bone