| | HINDI | SANSKRIT | MANTRAKSHAR | | |
| head flexion | | शीर्ष अवतानासन | | longus colli | |
| head extension | | शीर्ष उत्थानासन | | rectus capitis posterior (minor , major ) , semispinalis capitis , splenius capitis | |
| Neck flexion | | ग्रीवा अवतानासन |  | sternocleidomastoid (together) , longus colli , longus capitis , rectus capitis anterior | |
| Neck extension | | ग्रीवा उत्थानासन |  | | |
| Neck and head rotation | | ग्रीवा घूर्णन | | obliqus capitis inferior , | |
| Neck lateral flexion / side bend | | ग्रीवा परिवर्तनासन | | rectus capitis lateralis , longissimus capitis | |
| head lateral flexion | | शीर्ष परिवर्तनासन | | | |
| Neck skin tension | | | | Platysma | |
| Face turning | | मुख परिवर्तनासन | | Sternocleidomastoid | |
| swallowing - elevation of hyoid | | कंठ उन्नमन |  | stylohyoid , mylohyoid , geniohyoid | |
| depression of hyoid bone | | कंठ अवनमन |  | sternohyoid , sternothyroid , thyrohyoid , omohyoid | |
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| elevate larynx | | | | | |
| depress larynx | | | | | |
| tenses vocal ligament | | | | | |
| relaxes vocal ligament | | | | | |
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Discussion