NAVAL RELATION. *THe Head of Naval Relation is intended to comprehend the various Notions and Expressions, belonging to mens affairs and traffick on the Waters; respecting either

Things. KINDS OF VESSELS used for Passage. I. Parts of Vessels; relating to such as serve for Containing; HULL. II. PROGRESSIVE MOTION OR STAYING. III. RIGGING. IV. PERSONS. V. ACTIONS. VI. *I. The KINDS OF VESSELS which are used for passage on the Waters, are in several Countries of so great variety and names, by reason of their being distinguished by some little accidental Differences, that it will be very difficult for the most expert person to give a sufficient enumeration of them: and therefore I shall in this place distribute them onely according to their various Magnitudes, and the Vses for which they are designed: according to which they may be distinguished into such as are denoted under the

General name; belonging to the ‖ lesser, or greater kind. 1. BOAT, Oars, Wherry, Sculler, Canoe, Cockboat, Waterman. SHIP, Pink, Pinnace, Shallop, Sail, Vessel, Navy, Fleet, naval. Particular kinds; either Lesser for the Sea, or greater for Rivers. 2. KETCH, Bark, Flyboat.. BARGE, Lighter, Gallyfoist, Brigandine, &c. Greater; being moved either by Sails and Oars. 3. GALLY. Sails onely; and used chiefly for Burthen. 4. GALEOT, Caramosil, Carrack, Caravel. Traffick and Merchandize. 5. MERCHANT-MAN, Bottom. Fighting. 6. MAN OF WAR, Frigot, Caper, Armada, Privateer. Passage. 7. PACQUET-BOAT. II. By HULL is meant the main Bulk or Body of the Ship, considered abstractly from its Masts and Rigging.* The parts of which may be distin∣guished into such as relate to

Timbers. Fixed at the Bottom of the Ship; lying either ‖ direct, or transverse. 1. KEEL. RUNG. End; either the ‖ former, or hinder part. 2. STEM, Prow. STERN, Poop. Movable upon a Centre or Hindge; ‖ for lifting up the Anchor or any great weight: or for stearing the Ship. 3. CAPSTAIN. RUDDER, Helm, Steer. Page 281 Places or rooms; relating to the Former, or hinder part above. 4. FORE-CASTLE. ROUND-HOUSE. Middle space; ‖ betwixt the Main mast and Fore-castle, or the rooms built above this towards the Stem. 5. WAST. HALF-DECK. Apertures; in the Floor or Deck, supplying the office of Doors and Windows; ‖ greater, or lesser. 6. HATCHES. SCUTTLE, Gratings. Sides; ‖ for putting out the Ordnance, or for passage of Water from the Deck, 7. PORTHOLE. SCUPPER. Interstices; betwixt ‖ the edges of the planks, or the side-timbers of the Ship. 8. SEAM. SPURKET. Shape or figure of the Hull; with respect to ‖ the gathering or joyning together of the planks upon the Ship's quarter under water, or so much of the Hull as hangs over both ends of the Keel; styled 9. RAKE OF POST, Tuck. RAKE OF STEM. III. Parts of Vessels serving chiefly for the PROGRESSIVE MOTION or Stay∣ing of them, may be distinguished, by the matter of which they consist,* into such as are of

Wood; according to the more General names; denoting such woody parts as are either Fixed and upright; or the upper parts of these, round and prominent. 1. MAST. TOP, Boul. Moveable and transverse; applyed either to the ‖ top, or bottom of the Sail. 2. YARD. BOOM. Separate; serving for thrusting against ‖ the Water, or the Earth. 3. OAR, row. POLE. Particular kinds of Masts; (applicable likewise to Top, Yard, and Sails,) being placed either in the Fore-part; whether ‖ leaning, or upright. 4. BOUL-SPRIT. FORE-MAST. Middle, or hinder-part. 5. MAIN-MAST. MIZZEN-MAST. Cloth; serving for the Catching and opposing the Wind; either ‖ principally, or additionally. 6. SAIL, Course. BONNET, Drabler. Distinction of Nations, or the several Officers of a Navy; set up either ‖ above, on the Masts, or below, at the Stern. 7. FLAG. ANCIENT. Ornament and shew, or used to mark out the Wind's quarter. 8. STREAMER. JACK. Iron; for ‖ staying and holding the Ship, or the fastning of it to other Ships. 9. ANCHOR, Kedger. GRAPPLE. Page 282 *IV. By RIGGING is meant the several kinds of Cordage belonging to a Ship; in respect of the

Masts; serving either for the Keeping them upright; namely, ‖ that are more declive on either side of the Masts: or those that are more transverse. 1. SHROUDS, Puttocks. STAYES. Ascent up to them; those smaller ropes which cross the Shrouds as the rounds of a Ladder. 2. RATLINGS. Yards; serving for the Tying of them: or the pulling of them to and fro. 3. PARREL. JEARS. Squaring or transversing: or making them to hang higher or lower. 4. BRACES. LIFTS. Sails; serving for the Tying of them to the Yards: or the pulling them to and fro. 5. ROBINS. SHEATS. Furling them across: or to raise up the bunt or protuberant part of the Sail. 6. BRALE. BUNT-LINE. Making of them to stand closer by a wind; being fastned either to ‖ the Clew or corner of the Sail: or the middle part of it. 7. TACKS. BOWLINE. Anchor; according to ‖ the more general name: or the name belonging to the lesser kind of such ropes. 8. CABLE. HAWSER, Halser. *V. PERSONS belonging to the management of NAVAL Affairs, Mari∣ners, Seafaring-men, may be distributed into such whose Charge doth con∣cern the

Defence of the Ship by fighting; either More principal; the Chief, who in Fight is to make good the Half-deck: or his Deputy, whose place in Fight is the Fore-castle. 1. CAPTAIN. LIEUTENANT. Less principal; having the charge of the ‖ Squadrons for the Watch: or being to take care for the setting and re∣lieving of the Watch, and that the Souldiers keep their Arms clean. 2. QUARTER-MASTER. CORPORAL. Ordnance, Shot, Powder, &c. 3. GUNNER. Sailing of the Ship, and the care of its parts and Lading; either More principal; whose charge it is to Direct the course, and command all the Sailors: or to bring the Ship safe to harbour. 4. MASTER. PILOT. Keep account of the Goods, what is received and delivered. 5. CAPE-MERCHANT. PURSER. Page 283 Preserve the Rigging and Tackle and the Long-boat: or to attend the Skiff with a peculiar gang to go to and fro upon occasion. 6. BOATSWAIN. COCKSWAIN. Less principal; serving to Keep the Decks clean. 7. SWABBER. Manage the Sails below: or to ascend for taking in the Top-sails, &c. 8. SAILERS, Mid-ship-men, Skipper. YONKERS, Fore-mast-men. VI. NAVAL ACTIONS may be distinguished into such as are done*

To the Ship; for the Securing of the Seams betwixt the Planks; either by ‖ beating in of Okum, (i.) pieces of old Ropes or hards of Flax: or putting a list of Canvas along the Seam, and then pouring hot Pitch upon it. 1. CALKING. PARSLING. Smoothing the outside; by ‖ washing or burning off all the filth with REEDS or Broom; or smearing over so much of the Ship as is to be in the water with a mixture of Tallow, Sope and Brimstone, boiled together, to preserve the Calking, and to make the Vessel mor• slippery for passage. 2. BROMING, Breaming. GRAVING. Defending it against Worms; by ‖ casing that part of the Hull within wa∣ter with Tar and Hair, and then nailing over thin Boards: or inlar∣ging the Breadth, by ripping off some of the Planks; and then, having added other Timbers, to put on the Planks again, styled 3. SHEATHING. FURRING. Varying the Position of a Ship; either ‖ for the mending of it, by ma∣king it to lie on one side, the better to come at its lower parts: or for the motion of it, by so ordering the Lading and Rigging that it may be in the best condition for sailing. 4. CAREENING. TRIMMING. By the Ship; either Resting; when 'tis ‖ staid by the Anchor: or laid leaning to one side. 5. RIDING AT ANCHOR. HULLING. In motion; either more Direct; when it ‖ goes as it should: or runs its head in the wind more or less then it should. 6. KEEPING A WIND. GRIPING. FALLING TO THE LEEWARD. Lateral; when it ‖ doth lean too much on one side: or doth turn too much on each side. 7. HEELING, seeling. ROLLING.