Cells derived primarily from endoderm
Exocrine secretory epithelial cells.
Barrier cells
-
Gall bladder epithelial
cell
-
-
Intestinal
brush border
cell (with microvilli)
Hormone-secreting cells
Enteroendocrine cell
| function | Location | analogy | cartoon |
K cell | (secretes gastric inhibitory peptide) | Duodenum | | |
L cell | (secretes glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY3-36, oxyntomodulin, and glucagon-like peptide-2) | | | |
I cell | (secretes cholecystokinin (CCK)) | stomach | | |
G cell | secretes gastrin | stomach | | |
Enterochromaffin cell | (secretes serotonin | stomach | | |
Enterochromaffin-like cell | (secretes histamine) | | | |
N cell | (secretes neurotensin) | | | |
S cell | (secretes secretin) | | | |
D cell | (secretes somatostatin) | | | |
Mo cell (or M cell) | (secretes motilin) | | | |
vasoactive intestinal peptide, | | | | |
substance P, | | | | |
alpha and gamma-endorphin, | | | | |
bombesin | | | | |
Thyroid gland cells
Parathyroid gland cells
Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)
Alpha
cell (secretes glucagon)
Beta
cell (secretes insulin and amylin)
Delta
cell (secretes somatostatin)
Epsilon
cell (secretes ghrelin)
PP
cell (gamma
cell) (secretes pancreatic polypeptide)
Cells derived primarily from ectoderm
Exocrine secretory epithelial cells
Hormone-secreting cells
Corticotropes
Gonadotropes
Lactotropes
Melanotropes
Somatotropes
Thyrotropes
Magnocellular neurosecretory cells, secrete oxytocin and vasopressin
Parvocellular neurosecretory cells, secrete thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), vasopressin, oxytocin, neurotensin, and prolactin
Chromaffin cells (adrenal
gland)
Epithelial cells
Keratinocyte (differentiating epidermal
cell)
-
Melanocyte
Trichocyte (gives rise to hair and nail cells)
| function | Location | analogy | cartoon |
Medullary hair shaft cell | | | | |
Cortical hair shaft cell | | | | |
Cuticular hair shaft cell | | | | |
Huxley's layer hair root sheath cell | | | | |
Henle's layer hair root sheath cell | | | | |
Outer root sheath hair cell | | | | |
Surface epithelial cell of cornea, tongue, mouth, nasal cavity, distal anal canal, distal urethra, and distal vagina | | | | |
basal cell (stem cell) of cornea, tongue, mouth, nasal cavity, distal anal canal, distal urethra, and distal vagina | | | | |
Intercalated duct cell (salivary glands) | | | | |
Striated duct cell (salivary glands) | | | | |
Lactiferous duct cell (mammary glands) | | | | |
Ameloblast (deposit tooth enamel) | | | | |
Oral cells
Odontoblast (tooth dentin formation)
Cementoblast (tooth cementum formation)
Nervous system
There are nerve cells, also known as neurons, present in our human body. They are branched out. These cells make up nervous tissue. A neuron consists of a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm, from which long thin hair-like parts arise.
Sensory transducer cells
| function | Location | analogy | cartoon |
Auditory inner hair cells of organ of Corti | | | | |
Auditory outer hair cells of organ of Corti | | | | |
Basal cells of olfactory epithelium (stem cell for olfactory neurons) | | | | |
Cold-sensitive primary sensory neurons | | | | |
Heat-sensitive primary sensory neurons | | | | |
Merkel cells of epidermis | | | | |
Olfactory receptor neurons | | | | |
Pain-sensitive primary sensory neurons | | | | |
Photoreceptor cells of retina in eye: | | | | |
Photoreceptor rod cells | | | | |
Photoreceptor blue-sensitive cone cells of eye | | | | |
Photoreceptor green-sensitive cone cells of eye | | | | |
Photoreceptor red-sensitive cone cells of eye | | | | |
Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons | | | | |
Touch-sensitive primary sensory neuronss | | | | |
Chemoreceptor glomus cells of carotid body cell (blood pH sensor) | | | | |
Outer hair cells of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and gravity) | | | | |
Inner hair cells of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and gravity) | | | | |
Taste receptor cells of taste bud | | | | |
Autonomic neuron cells
Cholinergic neurons (various types)
Adrenergic neural cells (various types)
Peptidergic neural cells (various types)
Sense organ and peripheral neuron supporting cells
| function | Location | analogy | cartoon |
Inner pillar cells of organ of Corti | | | | |
Outer pillar cells of organ of Corti | | | | |
Inner phalangeal cells of organ of Corti | | | | |
Outer phalangeal cells of organ of Corti | | | | |
Border cells of organ of Corti | | | | |
Hensen's cells of organ of Corti | | | | |
Vestibular apparatus supporting cells | | | | |
Taste bud supporting cells | | | | |
Olfactory epithelium supporting cells | | | | |
Olfactory ensheathing cells | | | | |
Schwann cells | | | | |
Satellite glial cells | | | | |
Enteric glial cells | | | | |
Central nervous system neurons and glial cells
Interneurons
| function | Location | analogy | cartoon |
Basket cells | | | | |
Cartwheel cells | | | | |
Stellate cells | | | | |
Golgi cells | | | | |
Granule cells | | | | |
Lugaro cells | | | | |
Unipolar brush cells | | | | |
Martinotti cells | | | | |
Chandelier cells | | | | |
Cajal–Retzius cells | | | | |
Double-bouquet cells | | | | |
Neurogliaform cells | | | | |
Retina horizontal cells | | | | |
Amacrine cells | | | | |
Starburst amacrine cells | | | | |
Spinal interneurons | | | | |
Renshaw cells | | | | |
Principal cells
| function | Location | analogy | cartoon |
Spindle neurons | | | | |
Fork neurons | | | | |
Pyramidal cells | | | | |
Place cells | | | | |
Grid cells | | | | |
Speed cells | | | | |
Head direction cells | | | | |
Betz cells | | | | |
Stellate cells | | | | |
Boundary cells | | | | |
Bushy cells | | | | |
Purkinje cells | | | | |
Medium spiny neurons | | | | |
Astrocytes | | | | |
Oligodendrocytes | | | | |
Ependymal cells | | | | |
Tanycytes | | | | |
Pituicytes | | | | |
Lens cells
Anterior lens epithelial
cell
Crystallin-containing lens fiber
cell
Cells derived primarily from mesoderm
Secretory cells
| function | Location | analogy | cartoon |
Cells of the Adrenal cortex | | | | |
Cells of the Zona glomerulosa produce mineralocorticoids | | | | |
Cells of the Zona fasciculata produce glucocorticoids | | | | |
Cells of the Zona reticularis produce androgens | | | | |
Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting estrogen | | | | |
Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle secreting progesterone | | | | |
Granulosa lutein cells | | | | |
Theca lutein cells | | | | |
Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone | | | | |
Seminal vesicle cell (secretes seminal fluid components, including fructose for swimming sperm) | | | | |
Prostate gland cell (secretes seminal fluid components) | | | | |
Bulbourethral gland cell (mucus secretion) | | | | |
Bartholin's gland cell (vaginal lubricant secretion) | | | | |
Gland of Littre cell (mucus secretion) | | | | |
Uterus endometrium cell (carbohydrate secretion) | | | | |
Juxtaglomerular cell (renin secretion) | | | | |
Macula densa cell of kidney | | | | |
Peripolar cell of kidney | | | | |
Mesangial cell of kidney | | | | |
Barrier cells
Urinary system
Reproductive system
Duct
cell (of seminal vesicle, prostate
gland, etc.)
-
Epididymal principal
cell
-
Circulatory system
| function | Location | analogy | cartoon |
Planum semilunatum epithelial cell of vestibular system of ear (proteoglycan secretion) | | | | |
Organ of Corti interdental epithelial cell (secreting tectorial membrane covering hair cells) | | | | |
Loose connective tissue fibroblasts | | | | |
Corneal fibroblasts (corneal keratocytes) | | | | |
Tendon fibroblasts | | | | |
Bone marrow reticular tissue fibroblasts | | | | |
Other nonepithelial fibroblasts | | | | |
Pericyte | | | | |
Hepatic stellate cell (Ito cell) | | | | |
Nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc | | | | |
Hyaline cartilage chondrocyte | | | | |
Fibrocartilage chondrocyte | | | | |
Elastic cartilage chondrocyte | | | | |
Osteoblast/osteocyte | | | | |
Osteoprogenitor cell (stem cell of osteoblasts) | | | | |
Hyalocyte of vitreous body of eye | | | | |
Stellate cell of perilymphatic space of ear | | | | |
Pancreatic stellate cell | | | | |
Contractile cells
Blood and immune system cells
| function | Location | analogy | cartoon |
Erythrocyte (red blood cell) and precursor erythroblasts | | | | |
Megakaryocyte (platelet precursor) | | | | |
Platelets if considered distinct cells, currently there's debate on the subject. | | | | |
Monocyte (white blood cell) | | | | |
Connective tissue macrophage (various types) | | | | |
Epidermal Langerhans cell | | | | |
Osteoclast (in bone) | | | | |
Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissues) | | | | |
Microglial cell (in central nervous system) | | | | |
Neutrophil granulocyte and precursors (myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte) | | | | |
Eosinophil granulocyte and precursors | | | | |
Basophil granulocyte and precursors | | | | |
Mast cell | | | | |
Helper T cell | | | | |
Regulatory T cell | | | | |
Cytotoxic T cell | | | | |
Natural killer T cell | | | | |
B cell | | | | |
Plasma cell | | | | |
Natural killer cell | | | | |
Hematopoietic stem cells and committed progenitors for the blood and immune system (various types) | | | | |
Germ cells
Oogonium/Oocyte
Spermatid
Spermatocyte
Spermatogonium
cell (stem
cell for spermatocyte)
Spermatozoon
Nurse cell
Granulosa
cell (in ovaries)
-
Epithelial reticular
cell (in thymus)
Interstitial cells