केशभू

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Roof of head
- SCALP
  - S - contains numerous hair follicles and sebaceous glands (thus a common site for sebaceous cysts).
  - C - dense connective tissue
    - connects the skin to the epicranial aponeurosis.
    - It is richly vascularised and innervated.
    - The blood vessels within the layer are highly adherent to the connective tissue.
      - This renders them unable to constrict fully if lacerated –
        
        and so the scalp can be a site of profuse bleeding.
  - A - Epicranial Aponeurosis
    - a thin, tendon-like structure that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles.
  - L - loose areolar connective tissue
    - a thin connective tissue layer that separates the periosteum of the skull
      - from the epicranial aponeurosis.
    - It contains numerous blood vessels, including emissary veins
      - which connect the veins of the scalp to the diploic veins and intracranial venous sinuses.
  - P - Periosteium
    - the outer layer of the skull bones.
    - It becomes continuous with the endosteum at the suture lines.
- Nerve supply
  - Trigeminal nerve
    - Supratrochlear nerve – branch of the ophthalmic nerve which supplies the anteromedial forehead.
    - Supraorbital nerve – branch of the ophthalmic nerve which supplies a large portion of the scalp between the anterolateral forehead and the vertex.
    - Zygomaticotemporal nerve – branch of the maxillary nerve, this supplies the temple.
    - Auriculotemporal nerve – branch of the mandibular nerve which supplies skin anterosuperior to the auricle.
  - Cervical Nerves
    - Lesser occipital nerve – derived from the anterior ramus (division) of C2 and supplies the skin posterior to the ear
    - Greater occipital nerve – derived from the posterior ramus (division) of C2 and supplies the skin of the occipital region.
    - Great auricular nerve – derived from the anterior rami of C2 and C3 and supplies the skin posterior to the ear and over the angle of the mandible.
    - Third occipital nerve – derived from the posterior ramus of C3 and supplies the skin of the inferior occipital region.
- Blood supply
  - external carotid artery
    - Superficial temporal – supplies the frontal and temporal regions
    - Posterior auricular – supplies the area superiorly and posteriorly to the auricle.
    - Occipital – supplies the back of the scalp
  - Internal carotid artery
    - ophthalmic artery
      - the supraorbital
      - supratrochlear arteries.
  - Venous drainage
    - The superficial drainage follows the arterial supply: superficial temporal, occipital, posterior auricular, supraorbital and supratrochlear veins.
    - The deep (temporal) region of the skull is drained by the pterygoid venous plexus.
- Lymphatic drainage

Auriculotenporal nerve
Great auricular
Greater occipital nerve	पश्चकपाल तंत्रिका
Lesser occipital nerve	पश्चकपाल तंत्रिका
Posterior auricular branch of FN
Superficial temporal
Supraorbital	अधिनेत्रगुहा तंत्रिका
Supratrochlear	अधिचक्रक तंत्रिका
Temporal branch of facial nerve
Third occipital nerve	पश्चकपाल तंत्रिका
Zygomaticotemporal nerve	गंडशंख तंत्रिका

Epicranial aponeurosis
Frontal belly
Loose areolar tissue
Nuchal lines
Occipital belly
Occipitofrontalis muscle
Pericranium
Temporal fascia

angular vein	कोणीय शिरा
cavernous sinus	गह्वर शिरा
common facial vein	सामान्य आनन शिरा
deep facial vein	गभीर आनन शिरा
Emissary veins	उद्गत शिरा
facial vein	आनन शिरा
infraorbital vein
internal jugular vein	आभ्यंतर ग्रीवा शिरा
Mandibular vein	अधोहनु शिरा
maxillary vein	ऊर्ध्वहनु शिरा
pterygoid venous plexus
retromandibular vein	अधोहनुपश्च शिरा (=पश्च आनन शिरा)
subclavian vein	अधोजत्रुक शिरा
Superficial temporal vein
superior ophthalmic vein
supraorbital vein	अधिनेत्रगुहा शिरा
supratrochlear vein	अधिचक्रक शिरा