• Roof of head
  • SCALP
    • S - contains numerous hair follicles and sebaceous glands (thus a common site for sebaceous cysts).
    • C - dense connective tissue
      • connects the skin to the epicranial aponeurosis.
      • It is richly vascularised and innervated.
      • The blood vessels within the layer are highly adherent to the connective tissue.
        • This renders them unable to constrict fully if lacerated –
          • and so the scalp can be a site of profuse bleeding.
    • A - Epicranial Aponeurosis
      • a thin, tendon-like structure that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles.
    • L - loose areolar connective tissue
      • a thin connective tissue layer that separates the periosteum of the skull
        • from the epicranial aponeurosis.
      • It contains numerous blood vessels, including emissary veins
        • which connect the veins of the scalp to the diploic veins and intracranial venous sinuses.
    • P - Periosteium
      • the outer layer of the skull bones.
      • It becomes continuous with the endosteum at the suture lines.
  • Nerve supply
    • Trigeminal nerve
      • Supratrochlear nerve – branch of the ophthalmic nerve which supplies the anteromedial forehead.
      • Supraorbital nerve – branch of the ophthalmic nerve which supplies a large portion of the scalp between the anterolateral forehead and the vertex.
      • Zygomaticotemporal nerve – branch of the maxillary nerve, this supplies the temple.
      • Auriculotemporal nerve – branch of the mandibular nerve which supplies skin anterosuperior to the auricle.
    • Cervical Nerves
      • Lesser occipital nerve – derived from the anterior ramus (division) of C2 and supplies the skin posterior to the ear
      • Greater occipital nerve – derived from the posterior ramus (division) of C2 and supplies the skin of the occipital region.
      • Great auricular nerve – derived from the anterior rami of C2 and C3 and supplies the skin posterior to the ear and over the angle of the mandible.
      • Third occipital nerve – derived from the posterior ramus of C3 and supplies the skin of the inferior occipital region.
  • Blood supply
    • external carotid artery
      • Superficial temporal – supplies the frontal and temporal regions
      • Posterior auricular – supplies the area superiorly and posteriorly to the auricle.
      • Occipital – supplies the back of the scalp
    • Internal carotid artery
      • ophthalmic artery
        • the supraorbital
        • supratrochlear arteries.
    • Venous drainage
      • The superficial drainage follows the arterial supply: superficial temporal, occipital, posterior auricular, supraorbital and supratrochlear veins.
      • The deep (temporal) region of the skull is drained by the pterygoid venous plexus.
  • Lymphatic drainage

Scalp is like the covering of the skull land where it is covered by black grass with many microorganisms and mud present inside it.it has to be cleaned everyday so that it will not get affected but there is an important connection between the scalp and the bone.

First below the hairs there is the muddy wall which is called skin , then there is a fibrous and ropy connective layer and then beneath it there is deep ropy layer which is also springy in nature with aponeurosis and there is a layer with air columns and boxes and after that there is a stony box embedded inside the muddy layer.

Skin ( first layer ) it has numerous sink holes for salty water and oils which can come out.

Emissary veins are the drainage system from above the muddy surface to below the brain connections which drain in to the hard sinus sink.

There are numerous underground tunnels and passages which help for communication and transport of substances.