en:midbrain

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MIDBRAIN

  • MESENCEPHALON; MIDBRAIN
    • upper and shortest part of brainstem
    • EXTERNAL FEATURES OR SURFACES
      • VENTRAL SURFACE
        • emerges from cerebral hemispheres joins to form
          • crus cerebri of midbrain
            • converges downwards to enter
              • pons
            • forms posterolateral boundary of
              • interpeduncular fossa
            • superficial surface
              • corrugated by underlying longitudinal fibers
              • crosses transversely from above downwards by
                • optic tract ,
                • taenia pontis
                • superior cerebellar artery , posterior cerebral artery
            • medial side
              • groove
                • occulomotor nerve emerges
            • dorsal aspect
              • trochlear nerve emerges
                • curls around lateral aspect of cerebral peduncles
      • DORSAL SURFACE
        • shows four rounded elevations called corpora quadrigemina
          • separated from each other by
            • cruciform sulcus
              • vertical limb of sulcus when
              • traced above forms a depression
                • lodges pineal body
              • traced below becomes continuous with
                • frenulum veli
                  • median ridge on dorsal surface of superior medullary velum
          • laterally from colliculi
            • thick ridges of white matter extend
              • called brachium
                • superior brachium
                  • connects superior colliculus to lateral geniculate body
                  • connects inferior colliculus to medial geniculate body
                • inferior brachium
          • two superior
            • superior colliculus
          • two inferior
            • inferior colliculus
    • INTERNAL STRUCTURE
      • Mid brain divided by coronal plane passing through cerebral aqueduct in to two parts
        • anterior part or cerebral peduncle
          • parts from dorsal to ventral
            • tegmentum
            • substantia nigra
              • curved , crescent shaped
              • pigmented band of grey matter
                • deeply pigmented nerve cells
                  • contain melanin ( polymerized form of dopamine )
                  • synthesize dopamine
                    • carried through their axons ( nigrostriatal fibers)
                      • to corpus striatum
                  • iron
              • spiky process project in to crus cerebri
              • parts
                • dorsal part (pars compacta ) - medium sized cells
                • pars reticularis ( ventral part ) - few cells
                  • intermingled with fibres of crus cerebri
            • crus cerebri
              • most anterior part
              • white matter
                • descending tracts
                  • connect cerebral cortex to
                    • anterior horn cells of spinal cord
                    • cranial nuclei
                    • pontine nuclei
                  • middle 2/3 of crus
                    • corticospinal
                    • corticonuclear
                  • medial 1/6 th of crus
                    • frontopontine
                  • lateral 1/6 th of crus
                    • temporopontine , parietopontine , occipitopontine
        • posterior part or tectum
        • LEVELS OF SECTION
          • Transverse section of midbrain at level of inferior colliculus
            • grey matter
              • centrally
                • nucleus of trochlear nerve
                  • situated close to median plane
                • mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
              • more peripheral
                • beneath the inferior elevations of colliculus
                  • nucleus of inferior colliculus
            • white matter
              • central part of tegmentum
                • decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle
              • ventral lateral part of tegmentum
                • medial to lateral
                  • medial lemniscus
                  • trigeminal lemniscus
                  • spinal lemniscus
                  • lateral lemniscus
              • median longitudinal fasciculus
              • tectospinal tracts
              • rubrospinal tracts
          • transverse section of midbrain at level of superior colliculus
            • grey matter
              • more centrally
                • occulomotor nucleus
                  • edinger westphal nucleus
                  • emerging fibres pass through
                    • medial side of crus cerebri in posterior of interpeduncular fossa
                • mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
              • more peripheral
            • white matter
              • ventral tegmental decussation
                • arising from red nuclei
                  • rubrospinal tracts
              • dorsal tegmental decussation
                • arising from superior colliculus
                  • tectospinal and tectobulbar tracts
  • MESENCEPHALON; MIDBRAIN
    • Interpeduncular fossa
    • Posterior perforated substance
    • Oculomotor sulcus
  • Cerebral peduncle
    • Cerebral crus
    • Lateral groove
    • Tegmentum of midbrain
      • Trigone of lateral lemniscus
    • Superior cerebellar peduncle
    • Frenulum
    • Tectal plate; quadrigeminal plate
      • Brachium of inferior colliculus
      • Brachium of superior colliculus
      • Inferior colliculus
      • Superior colliculus
    • Cerebral peduncle
      • Base of peduncle
      • Cerebral crus
      • Pyramidal tract
        • Corticospinal fibres
        • Corticonuclear fibres
      • Corticopontine fibres
        • Frontopontine fibres
        • Occipitopontine fibres
        • Parietopontine fibres
        • Temporopontine fibres
        • Corticoreticular fibres
    • Substantia nigra
      • Compact part
      • Lateral part
      • Reticular part
      • Retrorubral part
    • Tegmentum of midbrain
    • White substance
      • Central tegmental tract
      • Rubro-olivary fibres
      • Cerebello-olivary fibres
      • Mesencephalic corticonuclear fibres
      • Hypothalamospinal fibres
      • Base of peduncle
      • Tectopontine tract
      • Lateral tectobulbar tract
      • Medial lemniscus
      • Trigeminal lemniscus
      • Medial longitudinal fasciculus
      • Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve
      • Posterior longitudinal fasciculus; dorsal longitudinal fasciculus Schütz
      • Rubronuclear tract
      • Rubrospinal tract Monakow
      • Rubro-olivary tract
      • Spinal lemniscus; anterolateral tracts; anterolateral systém
      • Spinothalamic fibres
      • Spinoreticular fibres
      • Spinomesencephalic fibres
      • Spinotectal fibres
      • Spinoperiaqueductal fibres
      • Spinohypothalamic fibres
      • Superior cerebellar peduncle
      • Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles
      • Tectobulbar tract
      • Tectopontine tract
      • Tectospinal tract
      • Pretecto-olivary fibres
      • Tecto-olivary fibres
      • Tegmental decussations
      • Posterior tegmental decussation; dorsal tegmental decussation Meynert
      • Anterior tegmental decussation; ventral tegmental decussation Forel
      • Corticomesencephalic fibres
    • Grey substance
      • Nucleus of oculomotor nerve
      • Accessory nuclei of oculomotor nerve
      • Visceral nuclei; autonomic nuclei
      • Anterior medial nucleus; ventral medial nucleus
      • Posterior nucleus; dorsal nucleus
      • Interstitial nucleus Cajal
      • Central precommissural nucleus
      • Nucleus of posterior commissure Darkšewič
      • Ventral subdivision
      • Interstitial subdivision
      • Dorsal subdivision
      • Interpeduncular nucleus
      • Accessory nuclei of optic tract
      • Posterior nucleus; dorsal nucleus
      • Lateral nucleus
      • Medial nucleus
      • Lateroposterior tegmental nucleus; laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
      • Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
      • Nucleus of trochlear nerve
      • Parabigeminal nucleus
      • Periaqueductal grey substance; central grey substance
      • Peripeduncular nucleus
      • Red nucleus
      • Magnocellular part
      • Parvocellular part
      • Posteromedial part; dorsomedial part
      • Reticular formation
      • Sagulum nucleus
      • Subbrachial nucleus
      • Anterior tegmental nuclei; ventral tegmental nuclei
      • Interfascicular nucleus
      • Parabrachial pigmented nucleus
      • Paranigral nucleus
      • Cuneiform nucleus
      • Subcuneiform nucleus
      • Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
      • Compact part; compact subnucleus
      • Dissipated part; dissipated subnucleus
      • Raphe nuclei
      • Posterior raphe nucleus; dorsal raphe nucleus
      • Inferior linear nucleus
      • Intermediate linear nucleus
      • Superior linear nucleus
    • Aqueduct of midbrain; cerebral aqueduct Sylvii
    • Opening of aqueduct of midbrain; opening of cerebral aqueduct
    • Tectum of midbrain
      • Tectal plate; quadrigeminal plate
      • Inferior colliculus
        • Nuclei of inferior colliculus
        • Central nucleus
        • External nucleus
        • Pericentral nucleus
      • Superior colliculus
        • Zonal layer; layer i
        • Superficial grey layer; layer ii
        • Optic layer; layer iii
        • Intermediate grey layer; layer iv
        • Intermediate white layer; layer v
        • Deep grey layer; layer vi
        • Deep white layer; layer vii
    • Brachium of inferior colliculus
    • Brachium of superior colliculus
    • Commissure of inferior colliculus
    • Commissure of superior colliculus
    • Decussation of trochlear nerve fibres
  • Reticular nuclei
    • Cuneiform nucleus
    • Subcuneiform nucleus
    • Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
    • Compact part; compact subnucleus
    • Dissipated part; dissipated subnucleus
    • Parapeduncular nucleus

TERMINOLOGY

531 MESENCEPHALON MESENCEPHALON; MIDBRAIN
532 Fossa interpeduncularis Interpeduncular fossa
533 Substantia perforata posterior Posterior perforated substance
534 Sulcus nervi oculomotorii Oculomotor sulcus
535 Pedunculus cerebri Cerebral peduncle
536 Crus cerebri Cerebral crus
537 Sulcus lateralis mesencephali Lateral groove
538 Tegmentum mesencephali Tegmentum of midbrain
539 Trigonum lemnisci lateralis Trigone of lateral lemniscus
540 Pedunculus cerebellaris superior Superior cerebellar peduncle
541 Frenulum veli medullaris superioris Frenulum
542 Lamina tecti; lamina quadrigemina Tectal plate; quadrigeminal plate
543 Brachium colliculi inferioris Brachium of inferior colliculus
544 Brachium colliculi superioris Brachium of superior colliculus
545 Colliculus inferior Inferior colliculus
546 Colliculus superior Superior colliculus
547 Pedunculus cerebri Cerebral peduncle
548 Basis pedunculi Base of peduncle
549 Crus cerebri Cerebral crus
550 Tractus pyramidalis Pyramidal tract
551 Fibrae corticospinales Corticospinal fibres
552 Fibrae corticonucleares Corticonuclear fibres
553 Tractus corticopontinus Corticopontine fibres
554 Fibrae frontopontinae Frontopontine fibres
555 Fibrae occipitopontinae Occipitopontine fibres
556 Fibrae parietopontinae Parietopontine fibres
557 Fibrae temporopontinae Temporopontine fibres
558 Fibrae corticoreticulares Corticoreticular fibres
559 Substantia nigra Substantia nigra
560 Pars compacta Compact part
561 Pars lateralis Lateral part
562 Pars reticularis Reticular part
563 Pars retrorubralis Retrorubral part
564 Tegmentum mesencephali Tegmentum of midbrain
565 Substantia alba White substance
566 Tractus tegmentalis centralis Central tegmental tract
567 Fibrae rubroolivares Rubro-olivary fibres
568 Fibrae cerebelloolivares Cerebello-olivary fibres
569 Fibrae corticonucleares mesencephali Mesencephalic corticonuclear fibres
570 Fibrae hypothalamospinales Hypothalamospinal fibres
571 Lemniscus lateralis Base of peduncle
572 Tractus tectopontinus Tectopontine tract
573 Tractus tectobulbaris lateralis Lateral tectobulbar tract
574 Lemniscus medialis Medial lemniscus
575 Lemniscus trigeminalis Trigeminal lemniscus
576 Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis Medial longitudinal fasciculus
577 Tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve
578 Fasciculus longitudinalis posterior; fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis Schütz Posterior longitudinal fasciculus; dorsal longitudinal fasciculus Schütz
579 Tractus rubronuclearis Rubronuclear tract
580 Tractus rubrospinalis Monakow Rubrospinal tract Monakow
581 Tractus rubroolivaris Rubro-olivary tract
582 Lemniscus spinalis; tractus anterolaterales Spinal lemniscus; anterolateral tracts; anterolateral systém
583 Fibrae spinothalamicae Spinothalamic fibres
584 Fibrae spinoreticulares Spinoreticular fibres
585 Fibrae spinomesencephalicae Spinomesencephalic fibres
586 Fibrae spinotectales Spinotectal fibres
587 Fibae spinoperiaqueductales Spinoperiaqueductal fibres
588 Fibrae spinohypothalamicae Spinohypothalamic fibres
589 Pedunculus cerebellaris superior Superior cerebellar peduncle
590 Decussatio pedunculorum cerebellarium superiorum Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles
591 Tractus tectobulbaris Tectobulbar tract
592 Tractus tectopontinus Tectopontine tract
593 Tractus tectospinalis Tectospinal tract
594 Fibrae pretectoolivares Pretecto-olivary fibres
595 Fibrae tectoolivares Tecto-olivary fibres
596 Decussationes tegmentales Tegmental decussations
597 Decussatio tegmentalis posterior Meynert Posterior tegmental decussation; dorsal tegmental decussation Meynert
598 Decussatio tegmentalis anterior Forel Anterior tegmental decussation; ventral tegmental decussation Forel
599 Fibrae corticomesencephalicae Corticomesencephalic fibres
600 Substantia grisea Grey substance
601 Nucleus nervi oculomotorii Nucleus of oculomotor nerve
602 Nuclei accessorii nervi oculomotorii Accessory nuclei of oculomotor nerve
603 Nuclei viscerales; nuclei autonomici Visceral nuclei; autonomic nuclei
604 Nucleus anteromedialis Anterior medial nucleus; ventral medial nucleus
605 Nucleus dorsalis Posterior nucleus; dorsal nucleus
606 Nucleus interstitialis Cajal Interstitial nucleus Cajal
607 Nucleus precommissuralis centralis Central precommissural nucleus
608 Nucleus commissurae posterioris Darkšewič Nucleus of posterior commissure Darkšewič
609 Pars ventralis Ventral subdivision
610 Pars interstitialis Interstitial subdivision
611 Pars dorsalis Dorsal subdivision
612 Nucleus interpeduncularis Interpeduncular nucleus
613 Nuclei accessorii tractus optici Accessory nuclei of optic tract
614 Nucleus posterior Posterior nucleus; dorsal nucleus
615 Nucleus lateralis Lateral nucleus
616 Nucleus medialis Medial nucleus
617 Nucleus tegmentalis posterolateralis Lateroposterior tegmental nucleus; laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
618 Nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
619 Nucleus nervi trochlearis Nucleus of trochlear nerve
620 Nucleus parabigeminalis Parabigeminal nucleus
621 Substantia grisea centralis Periaqueductal grey substance; central grey substance
622 Nucleus peripeduncularis Peripeduncular nucleus
623 Nucleus ruber Red nucleus
624 Pars magnocellularis Magnocellular part
625 Pars parvocellularis Parvocellular part
626 Pars posteromedialis; pars dorsomedialis Posteromedial part; dorsomedial part
627 Formatio reticularis Reticular formation
628 Nucleus saguli; sagulum Sagulum nucleus
629 Nucleus subbrachialis Subbrachial nucleus
630 Nuclei tegmentales anteriores Anterior tegmental nuclei; ventral tegmental nuclei
631 Nucleus interfascicularis Interfascicular nucleus
632 Nucleus pigmentosus parabrachialis Parabrachial pigmented nucleus
633 Nucleus paranigralis Paranigral nucleus
634 Nucleus cuneiformis Cuneiform nucleus
635 Nucleus subcuneiformis Subcuneiform nucleus
636 Nucleus tegmentalis pedunculopontinus Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
637 Pars compacta Compact part; compact subnucleus
638 Pars dissipata Dissipated part; dissipated subnucleus
639 Nuclei raphes Raphe nuclei
640 Nucleus raphe posterior Posterior raphe nucleus; dorsal raphe nucleus
641 Nucleus linearis inferior Inferior linear nucleus
642 Nucleus linearis intermedius Intermediate linear nucleus
643 Nucleus linearis superior Superior linear nucleus
644 Aqueductus mesencephali; aqueductus cerebri Sylvii Aqueduct of midbrain; cerebral aqueduct Sylvii
645 Apertura aqueductus mesencephali; apertura aqueductus cerebri Opening of aqueduct of midbrain; opening of cerebral aqueduct
646 Tectum mesencephali Tectum of midbrain
647 Lamina tecti; lamina quadrigemina Tectal plate; quadrigeminal plate
648 Colliculus inferior Inferior colliculus
649 Nuclei colliculi inferioris Nuclei of inferior colliculus
650 Nucleus centralis Central nucleus
651 Nucleus externus; nucleus lateralis External nucleus
652 Nucleus pericentralis Pericentral nucleus
653 Colliculus superior Superior colliculus
654 Stratum zonale; lamina i Zonal layer; layer i
655 Stratum griseum superficiale; lamina ii Superficial grey layer; layer ii
656 Stratum opticum; lamina iii Optic layer; layer iii
657 Stratum griseum intermedium; lamina iv Intermediate grey layer; layer iv
658 Stratum medullare intermedium; lamina v Intermediate white layer; layer v
659 Stratum griseum profundum; lamina vi Deep grey layer; layer vi
660 Stratum medullare profundum; lamina vii Deep white layer; layer vii
661 Brachium colliculi inferioris Brachium of inferior colliculus
662 Brachium colliculi superioris Brachium of superior colliculus
663 Commissura colliculi inferioris Commissure of inferior colliculus
664 Commissura colliculi superioris Commissure of superior colliculus
665 Decussatio fibrarum nervorum trochlearium Decussation of trochlear nerve fibres
666 Nuclei reticulares Reticular nuclei
667 Nucleus cuneiformis Cuneiform nucleus
668 Nucleus subcuneiformis Subcuneiform nucleus
669 Nucleus tegmentalis peduncolopontinus Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
670 Pars compacta Compact part; compact subnucleus
671 Pars dissipata Dissipated part; dissipated subnucleus
672 Nucleus parapeduncularis Parapeduncular nucleus

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  • en/midbrain.txt
  • 2023/06/23 06:22
  • brahmantra