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संवेग (भावना)
मनोविज्ञान के सन्दर्भ में भाव (Affect) से तात्पर्य अनुभूतियों (feeling ,एहसास ), संवेगों (emotion ,जज़्बात) और भावदशा (mood ,मिजाज ) से है।
संवेग वस्तुतः ऐसी प्रकिया है, जिसे व्यक्ति उद्दीपक द्वारा अनुभव करता है। संवेदनात्मक अनुभव:- संवेदन चेतन उत्पन्न करने की अत्यंत प्रारम्भिक स्थिति है। शिशु का संवेदन टूटा-फूटा अधूरा होता है। प्रौढ़ की संवेदना विकृतजन्य होती है।
भावनाओं का कोई निश्चित वर्गीकरण मौजूद नहीं है, हालांकि कई वर्गीकरण प्रस्तावित किये गये हैं। इनमें से कुछ वर्गीकरण हैं:
हर्ष | (खुशी) | (joy) | ![]() |
विश्वास | (यकीन) | (trust) | ![]() |
भय | (डर) | (fear) | ![]() |
उदास | (ग़मगीन) | (sad) | ![]() |
क्रोधित | (गुस्सा,नाराज) | (angry) | ![]() |
घृणा | (नफरत) | (hate) | ![]() |
आश्चर्य | (हैरत ) | (surprise) | ![]() |
पूर्वानुमान करना | (तवकू करना ) | (anticipate) | ![]() |
EMOTIONS IN INDIAN PHILOSOPHY
Rasa is produced from a combination of Determinants (vibhava), Consequents (anubhava) and Transitory States (vyabhicaribhava).
— Natyashastra 6.109 (~200 BCE–200 CE), Translator: Daniel Meyer-Dinkgräfe
ELEMENT
Bharata Muni enunciated the eight Rasas in the Nātyasāstra, an ancient Sanskrit text of dramatic theory and other performance arts, written between 200 BC and 200 AD.[4] In the Indian performing arts, a rasa is a sentiment or emotion evoked in each member of the audience by the art. The Natya Shastra mentions six rasa in one section, but in the dedicated section on rasa it states and discusses eight primary rasa.[12][21] Each rasa, according to Nātyasāstra, has a presiding deity and a specific colour. There are 4 pairs of rasas. For instance, Hāsya arises out of Sringara. The Aura of a frightened person is black, and the aura of an angry person is red. Bharata Muni established the following:[22]
- Hāsyam (हास्यं): Laughter, mirth, comedy. Presiding deity: Shiva. Colour: white
- Raudram (रौद्रं): Fury. Presiding deity: Shiva. Colour: red
- Bībhatsam (बीभत्सं): Disgust, aversion. Presiding deity: Shiva. Colour: blue
- Bhayānakam (भयानकं): Horror, terror. Presiding deity: Yama. Colour: black
- Veeram (वीरं): Heroism. Presiding deity: Indra. Colour: saffron
- Adbhutam (अद्भुतं): Wonder, amazement. Presiding deity: Brahma. Colour: yellow
The Natyasastra lists eight Sthayibhavas with eight corresponding rasas:
- Rati (Love)
- Hasya (Mirth)
- Soka (शोक) (Sorrow)
- Krodha (Anger)
- Utsaha (Energy)
- Bhaya (Terror)
- Jugupsa (Disgust)
- Vismaya (Astonishment)
STHAYI BHAVA (STATIC MOOD) | RASA | Alambana Vibhavas (direct) | Uddipana Vibahavs (indrect ) | Anubhavas | Vyabhichari Bhavas | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rati (Love) | ![]() | Śṛṅgāraḥ (erotic) | ![]() | Sideglances, twisting of limbs, brows | Leaving aside, the fight | ||
Hasya (Mirth) | Hāsyam (comedy) | ![]() | |||||
Soka (शोक) (Sorrow) | ![]() | Kāruṇyam (compassion) | ![]() | Cursing destiny, stupefaction | anxiety and uneasiness | ||
Krodha (Anger) | ![]() | Raudram (fury ) | ![]() | rape, abuse, insult, threatening, jealousy | Beating, breaking, crushing, cutting | Red eyes, knitting of eyebrows, biting of lips, determination, energy, restlessness and trembling | |
Utsaha (Enthusiasm) | ![]() | Veeram (hero) | ![]() | ||||
Bhaya (Terror) | ![]() | Bhayānakam (terror) | ![]() | ||||
Jugupsa (Disgust) | ![]() | Bībhatsam (aversion) | ![]() | ||||
Vismaya (Astonishment) | ![]() | Adbhutam (wonder) | ![]() | ||||
santa (calm) | peace | ||||||
SATVIK BHAVAS (Involuntary emotions) | |||||||
perspiration (sveda) | |||||||
trembling (vaivarnya) | |||||||
svarbhanga (speech disturbance) |
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