| No:1017 - maceration | | (L. maceratio) the softening of a solid by soaking. In histology, the softening of a tissue by soaking, especially in acids, until the connective tissue fibres are so dissolved that the tissue components can be teased apart. In obstetrics, the degenerative changes with discoloration and softening of tissues, and eventual disintegration, of a fetus retained in the uterus after its death. |
| No:1018 - macula | | a stain, spot, or thickening (NA). Often used alone to refer to the macula retinae. |
| No:1019 - maculopapular | | both macular and papular, as an eruption consisting of both macules and papules; sometimes erroneously used to designate a papule that is only slightly elevated. |
| No:1020 - malabsorption | | impaired intestinal absorption of nutrients. |
| No:1021 - malaise | | a vague feeling of bodily discomfort. |
| No:1022 - malformation | | (L. malus evil + formatio a forming) a morphologic defect resulting from an intrinsically abnormal developmental process. |
| No:1023 - malignant | | (L. malignans acting maliciously) tending to become progressively worse and to result in death. Having the properties of anaplasia, invasion, and metastasis; said of tumours. |
| No:1024 - mammary | | (L. mammarius) pertaining to the mamma, or breast. |
| No:1025 - mania | | excitement of psychotic proportions manifested by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganization of behaviour, and elevation of mood. |
| No:1026 - manic | | affected with mania. |
| No:1027 - manifest | | being the part or aspect of a phenomenon that is directly observable : concretely expressed in behaviour. |
| No:1028 - manifestation | | something that manifest or constitutes on expression of something else : a perceptible, outward, or visible expression. |
| No:1029 - massage | | (Fr.; Gr. massein to knead) the systematic therapeutic friction, stroking, and kneading of the body. |
| No:1030 - massive | | having a solid bulky form; heavy; in a mass; complete. |
| No:1031 - masticatory | | 1. subserving or pertaining to mastication; affecting the muscles of mastication. 2. a remedy to be chewed but not swallowed. |
| No:1032 - mastitis | | (mast- + -itis) inflammation of the mammary gland, or breast. |
| No:1033 - mastocyte | | (German Mast food + -cyte) a mast cell. |
| No:1034 - mastodynia | | (masto- + Gr. odyn pain) pain in the breast. |
| No:1035 - mastoiditis | | inflammation of the mastoid antrum and cells. |
| No:1036 - maxillary | | (L. maxillaris) pertaining to the maxilla : the irregularly shaped bone that with its fellow forms the upper jaw. |
| No:1037 - maximal | | the greatest possible, allowable, or appreciable; the reverse of minimal. |
| No:1038 - maximum | | (L. 'greatest') 1. the greatest possible or actual effect or quantity. 2. the acme of a disease or process. |
| No:1039 - mechanism | | (Gr. mchan machine) the manner of combination of parts; processes, etc., which subserve a common function. |
| No:1040 - median | | (L. medianus) any value that divides the probability of a random variable in half, i.e. the probability of observing a value above the median and the probability of observing a value below the median are both less than or equal to one half. For a finite population or sample, the median is the middle value of an odd number of values (arranged in ascending order) or any value between the two middle values of an even number of values; in the latter case it is conventional to use the average of the two middle values. |
| No:1041 - mediate | | indirect; accomplished by the aid of an intervening medium. |
| No:1042 - mediator | | an object or substance by which something is mediated, such as (1) a structure of the nervous system that transmits impulses eliciting a specific response; (2) a chemical substance (transmitter substance) that induces activity in an excitable tissue, such as nerve or muscle; or (3) a substance released from cells as the result of the interaction of antigen with antibody or by the action of antigen with a sensitized lymphocyte. |
| No:1043 - medical | | pertaining to medicine or to the treatment of diseases; pertaining to medicine as opposed to surgery. |
| No:1044 - medicament | | (L. medicamentum) a medicinal substance or agent. |
| No:1045 - medication | | (L. medicatio) impregnation with a medicine. 2. the ad-ministration of remedies. 3. a medicament. |
| No:1046 - medicinal | | (L. medicinalis) 1. having healing qualities. 2. pertaining to a medicine or to healing. |
| No:1047 - medullary | | (L. medullaris) pertaining to the marrow or to any medulla; resembling marrow. |
| No:1048 - megacolon | | an abnormally large or dilated colon; the condition may be congenital or acquired, acute or chronic. |
| No:1049 - megaloblastic | | a large abnormal red blood cell appearing in the blood in pernicious anaemia. |
| No:1050 - melena | | (Gr. melaina, feminine of Gr. melas black) 1. the passage of dark, pitchy, and grumous stools stained with blood pigments or with altered blood. 2. black vomit. |
| No:1051 - melanoma | | (melano- + -oma) a tumour arising from the melanocytic system of the skin and other organs. When used alone the term refers to malignant melanoma. |
| No:1052 - melanosis | | (melano- + -osis) a disorder caused by a disturbance in melanin pigmentation; melanism. |
| No:1053 - membrane | | a thin layer of tissue which covers a surface, lines a cavity or divides a space or organ. |
| No:1054 - menarche | | (Gr. mn month + arch beginning) the establishment or beginning of the menstrual function. |
| No:1055 - meningitis | | (Gr. mninx membrane + -itis) inflammation of the meninges. When it affects the dura mater, the disease is termed pachymeningitis; when the arachnoid and pia mater are involved, it is called leptomeningitis, or meningitis proper. |
| No:1056 - menopause | | (meno- + Gr. pausis cessation) cessation of menstruation in the human female, occurring usually around the age of 50. |
| No:1057 - menorrhagia | | (meno- + Gr. rhgnynai to burst forth) excessive uterine bleeding occurring at the regular intervals of menstruation, the period of flow being of greater than usual duration. |
| No:1058 - menstruation | | the cyclic, physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and mucosal tissues from the nonpregnant uterus; it is under hormonal control and normally recurs, usually at approximately four-week intervals, in the absence of pregnancy during the reproductive period (puberty through menopause) of the female of the human and a few species of primates. It is the culmination of the menstrual cycle. |
| No:1059 - mental | | (L. mens mind) pertaining to the mind; psychic. 2. (L. mentum chin) pertaining to the chin. |
| No:1060 - mesenteric | | (Gr. mesenterikos) pertaining to the mesentery : a membranous fold attaching various organs to the body wall. |
| No:1061 - metabolism | | (Gr. metaballein to turn about, change, alter) the sum of all the physical and chemical processes by which living organized substance is produced and maintained (anabolism), and also the transformation by which energy is made available for the uses of the organism (catabolism). |
| No:1062 - metabolite | | any substance produced by metabolism or by a metabolic process. |
| No:1063 - metabolization | | the chemical process by which matter is broken down into simpler substances, said especially of food processed by the human body. |
| No:1064 - metaplasia | | (meta- + Gr. plassein to form) the change in the type of adult cells in a tissue to a form which is not formal for that tissue. |
| No:1065 - metastasis | | (meta- + Gr. stasis stand) 1. the transfer of disease from one organ or part to another not directly connected with it. It may be due either to the transfer of pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., tubercle bacilli) or to transfer of cells, as in malignant tumours. The capacity to metastasize is a characteristic of all malignant tumours. 2. Pl. metastases. A growth of pathogenic microorganisms or of abnormal cells distant from the site primarily involved by the morbid process. |
| No:1066 - meteorism | | (Gr. meteorizein to raise up) tympanites; the presence of gas in the abdomen or intestine. |
| No:1067 - methaemoglobinaemia | | (methemoglobin + Gr. haima blood + -ia) the presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. It may be drug-induced or be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in haemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). |
| No:1068 - metrorrhagia | | (metro- + Gr. rhgnynai to burst out) uterine bleeding, usually of normal amount, occurring at completely irregular intervals, the period of flow sometimes being prolonged. |
| No:1069 - micelle | | a colloid particle formed by an aggregation of small molecules. |
| No:1070 - microbiological | | pertaining to microbiology : the science that deals with microorganisms, including algae, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. |
| No:1071 - microcirculation | | the flow of blood in the entire system of finer vessels (100 microns or less in diameter) of the body (the microvasculature). |
| No:1072 - microgram | | a unit of mass (weight) of the metric system, being one-millionth of a gram (10-6 gm.) or one one-thousandth of a milligram (10-3 mg.). |
| No:1073 - micrography | | (micro- + Gr. graphein to write) examination with the microscope. |
| No:1074 - micronize | | (Gr. micron a small thing) to reduce to a fine powder, to reduce to particles a micron in diameter. |
| No:1075 - microorganism | | (micro- + organism) a microscopic organism; those of medical interest include bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. |
| No:1076 - microscopic, microscopical | | 1. of extremely small size; visible only by the aid of the microscope. 2. pertaining or relating to a microscope or to microscopy. |
| No:1077 - microsomal | | of or pertaining to microsomes : vesicular fragments of endoplasmic reticulum formed after disruption and centrifugation of cells. |
| No:1078 - microsporum | | (micro + Gr. sporos seed) a genus of small-spored ectothrix ringworm fungi (dermatophytes) of the Fungi Imperfecti, order Moniliales, family Moniliaceae, which cause various diseases of the skin and hair. As the perfect (sexual) stages are identified, they are classified in the genus Nannizzia. Called also microsporon. |
| No:1079 - microvillus | | a minute process or protrusion from the free surface of a cell. |
| No:1080 - micturition | | (L. micturire to urinate) the passage of urine; urination. |
| No:1081 - migraine | | (Fr., from Gr. hemikrania an affection of half of the head) an often familial symptom complex of periodic attacks of vascular headache, usually temporal and unilateral in onset, commonly associated with irritability, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhoea, and often photophobia; attacks are preceded by constriction of the cranial arteries, usually with resultant prodromal sensory (especially ocular) symptoms, and commence with the vasodilation that follows. |
| No:1082 - mime | | facial expression. (NOT: mimicry = adaptation for survival in which an organism takes on the semblance another organism or a non-living object.) |
| No:1083 - mineralization | | the action of mineralizing; the state of being mineralized. |
| No:1084 - mineralocorticoid | | 1. any of the group of C21 corticosteroids, principally aldosterone, predominantly involved in the regulation of electrolyte and water balance through their effect on ion transport in epithelial cells of the renal tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and loss of potassium; some also possess varying degrees of glucocorticoid activity. Their secretion is regulated principally by plasma volume, serum potassium concentration and angiotensin II, and to a lesser extent by anterior pituitary ACTH. 2. of, pertaining to, having the properties of, or resembling a mineralocorticoid. |
| No:1085 - minimal | | (L. minimus least) smallest or least; the smallest possible. |
| No:1086 - minimize | | to reduce to the smallest possible number, degree, or extent. |
| No:1087 - minimum | | (L. 'smallest') the smallest amount or lowest limit. |
| No:1088 - miotic | | 1. pertaining to, characterized by, or producing miosis : contraction of the pupil. 2. an agent that causes the pupil to contract. 3. meiotic : characterized by cell division. |
| No:1089 - miscible | | susceptible of being mixed. |
| No:1090 - mitosis | | a method of indirect division of a cell, consisting of a complex of various processes, by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of chromosomes characteristic of the somatic cells of the species. Mitosis, the process by which the body grows and replaces cells, is divided into four phases. 1. Prophase : formation of paired chromosomes; disappearance of nuclear membrane; appearance of the achromatic spindle; formation of polar bodies. 2. Metaphase : arrangement of chromosomes in the equatorial plane of the central spindle to form the monaster. Chromosomes separate into exactly similar halves. 3. Anaphase : the two groups of daughter chromosomes separate and move along the fibres of the central spindle, each toward one of the asters, forming the diaster. 4. Telophase : the daughter chromosomes resolve themselves into a reticulum and the daughter nuclei are formed; the cytoplasm divides, forming two complete daughter cells. NOTE : the term mitosis is used interchangeably with cell division, but strictly speaking it refers to nuclear division, whereas cytokinesis refers to division of the cytoplasm. In some cells, as in many fungi and the fertilized eggs of many insects, nuclear division occurs within the cell unaccompanied by division of the cytoplasm and formation of daughter cells. |
| No:1091 - mobility | | (L. mobilitas) capability of movement, of being moved, or of flowing freely. |
| No:1092 - mobilization | | the process of making a fixed part or stored substance mobile, as by separating a part from surrounding structures to make it accessible for an operative procedure or by causing release into the circulation for body use of a substance stored in the body. |
| No:1093 - modify | | to change somewhat the form or qualities of; alter partially. |
| No:1094 - modulator | | a specific inductor that brings out characteristics peculiar to a definite region. |
| No:1095 - molecular | | of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. |
| No:1096 - monitoring | | the process of continually checking, observing, recording or testing the operation of some procedure. Monitoring occurs e.g. during anaesthesia or radiation. |
| No:1097 - monocomponent | | a drug containing only one significant molecule. |
| No:1098 - mononucleosis | | the presence of an abnormally large number of mononuclear leucocytes (monocytes) in the blood. The term is often used alone to refer to infectious mononucleosis. |
| No:1099 - monotherapy | | a therapy which uses only one drug. |
| No:1100 - morbidity | | a diseased condition or state; the incidence of a disease or of all diseases in a population. |
| No:1101 - morphinomimetic | | marked by simulation of (body processes induced by) morphine. |
| No:1102 - mortality | | the mortality rate; the proportion of deaths to population or to a specific number of the population. |
| No:1103 - motility | | the ability to move spontaneously. |
| No:1104 - motor | | a muscle, nerve, or centre that effects or produces movement. |
| No:1105 - mucociliary | | pertaining to or affecting the mucus membrane and hairs (including eyelashes, nose hair, …): mucociliary clearing: the clearance of mucus by ciliary movement ( particularly in the respiratory system). |
| No:1106 - mucocutaneous | | (mucus + cutaneous) pertaining to or affecting the mucous membrane and the skin. |
| No:1107 - mucolytic | | destroying or dissolving mucin; an agent that so acts : a mucopolysaccharide or glycoprotein, the chief constituent of mucus. |
| No:1108 - mucopurulent | | containing both mucus and pus. |
| No:1109 - mucosa | | (L. 'mucus') a mucous membrane, or tunica mucosa. |
| No:1110 - mucus | | the free slime of the mucous membranes, composed of secretion of the glands, along with various inorganic salts, desquamated cells, and leucocytes. |
| No:1111 - multidose | | occurring in, or using multiple doses. |
| No:1112 - multiparous | | 1. having had two or more pregnancies which resulted in viable fetuses. 2. producing several ova or offspring at one time. |
| No:1113 - multiple | | (L. multiplex) manifold; occurring in or affecting various parts of the body at once. |
| No:1114 - muscle relaxant | | (L. relaxare to loosen) an agent that specifically aids in reducing muscle tension, as those acting at the polysynaptic neurons of motor nerves (e.g. meprobamate) or at the myoneural junction (curare and related compounds). |
| No:1115 - muscular | | (L. muscularis) pertaining to or composing muscle. |
| No:1116 - musculature | | the muscular apparatus of the body, or of any part of it. |
| No:1117 - mutagenic | | inducing genetic mutation. |
| No:1118 - mutation | | (L. mutatio from mutare to change) 1. a change in form, quality, or some other characteristic. 2. in genetics, a permanent transmissible change in the genetic material, usually in a single gene. Also, an individual exhibiting such a change. Called also (in classical genetics) a sport. |
| No:1119 - mutism | | (L. mutus unable to speak, inarticulate) inability or refusal to speak. |
| No:1120 - myalgia | | (my- + algia) pain in a muscle or muscles. |
| No:1121 - myasthenia | | (my- + Gr. astheneia weakness) muscular debility; any constitutional anomaly of muscle. |
| No:1122 - mycobacterium | | an organism of the genus Mycobacterium. |
| No:1123 - mycological | | relating to mycology, that is the science and study of fungi. |
| No:1124 - mycosis | | (myco- + -osis) any disease caused by a fungus. |
| No:1125 - mycotic | | pertaining to a mycosis; caused by fungi. |
| No:1126 - mydriatic | | 1. dilating the pupil. 2. any drug that dilates the pupil. |
| No:1127 - myeloma | | (myelo- + -oma) a tumour composed of cells of the type normally found in the bone marrow. |
| No:1128 - myelomatosis | | multiple myeloma. |
| No:1129 - myelosuppression | | suppression of bone marrow activity, resulting in reduction in the number of platelets, red cells, and white cells. |
| No:1130 - myelotoxic | | (myelo- + Gr. toxikon poison) 1. destructive to bone marrow. 2. arising from diseased bone marrow. |
| No:1131 - myocarditis | | (myo- + Gr. kardia heart + -itis) inflammation of the myocardium; inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart. |
| No:1132 - myopathy | | (myo- + -pathy) any disease of a muscle. |
| No:1133 - myopia | | (Gr. myein to shut + -opia) that error of refraction in which rays of light entering the eye parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the retina, as a result of the eyeball being too long from front to back (axial m.) or of an increased strength in refractive power of the media of the eye (index m.). Called also nearsightedness, because the near point is less distant than it is in emmetropia with an equal amplitude of accommodation. |
| No:1134 - myositis | | (Gr. myos of muscle + -itis) inflammation of a voluntary muscle. |
Discussion