• Formal science is a branch of science studying disciplines concerned with abstract structures described by formal systems

• formal systems
  • Formal language
  • Formal semantics

• In mathematical logic, a formal theory is a set of sentences expressed in a formal language.

An interpretation is an assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language. Many formal languages used in mathematics, logic, and theoretical computer science are defined in solely syntactic terms, and as such do not have any meaning until they are given some interpretation. The general study of interpretations of formal languages is called formal semantics.

• Theory of forms
  • Study of shapes , geometry or designs
    • microshapes , nano shapes
    • shapes , forms , loops , frames
    • shadows , silhouettes

• Morphology (linguistics), the study of the structure and content of word forms
• Mathematical morphology, a theoretical model based on lattice theory, used for digital image processing