Tongue
- TONGUE
- Features
- muscular organ
- Function
- Taste
- Speech
- Chewing
- Deglutition or swallowing
- Cleansing
- situation
- floor or mouth
- Shape
- Convex and triangularly flattened
- Parts
- Root of tongue
- attachment
- above
- styloid process and soft palate
- below
- mandible and hyoid bone
- these prevent the tongue from collapsing
-
- anterior free end
- at rest lies behind upper incisor teeth
-
- Dorsum of tongue , upper surface
- divided by sulcus terminalis ( Terminal sulcus of tongue)
- V shaped groove
- meet at a point called
- foramen caecum
- site from which thyroid diverticulum grows in embryo
- (Thyroglossal duct)
- runs laterally and forwards up to palatoglossal arches
- Anterior part ; presulcal part , oral part
- mucous membrane
- projections from mucous membrane
- Papillae of tongue; lingual papillae
- Filiform papillae
- situated
- presulcal area over dorsum of tongue
- size
- smallest
- shape
- velvety appearance
- conical in shape
- pointed and covered with keratin
- apex split in to filamentous process
- Fungiform papillae
- situated
- near tip and margins of tongue
- some scattered over dorsum
- size
- smaller than vallate but larger than filiform
- shape
- narrow pedicle and rounded head
- color
- bright red
- Vallate papillae
- situated
- immediately in front of sulcus terminalis
- size
- large in size , 8-12 in number
- shape
- cylindrical projection surrounded by a circular sulcus
- walls of papilla
- taste buds
- Foliate papillae
- situated
- lateral border just in front of circum-valallate papilla
- shape
- leaf shaped
- 2/3rd of tongue
- margins are free
- just in front of palatoglossal arch it shows
- foliate papillae
- Posterior part; post-sulcal part , pharyngeal part
- Posterior most part of tongue
- attachment
- connected to epiglottis
- by three folds of mucous membrane
- median Glosso-epiglottic fold
- either side of median fold there is a depression
- vallecula
- lateral Glosso-epiglottic fold
- right and left
- separates the vallecula from piriform fossa
- Inferior surface of tongue
- Margin of tongue
- Mucous membrane of tongue
- Lymphoid nodules
- Lingual septum
- Lingual aponeurosis
- Muscles of tongue
- FAUCES
- Isthmus of fauces; oropharyngeal isthmus
- Soft palate
- Uvula
- Palatoglossal arch; anterior pillar of fauces
- (Triangular fold)
- Palatopharyngeal arch; posterior pillar of fauces
- (Semilunar fold)
- Tonsillar sinus; tonsillar fossa; tonsillar bed
- Supratonsillar fossa
- Palatine tonsil
- Tonsillar capsule
- (Tonsillar cleft; intratonsillar cleft)
- Tonsillar pits
- Tonsillar crypts
- Muscles of soft palate and fauces
- Palatine aponeurosis
- Levator veli palatini
- Tensor veli palatini
- Musculus uvulae
- Palatoglossus
- Palatopharyngeus
- Anterior fascicle
- Posterior fascicle; palatopharyngeal sphincter
TERMINOLOGY
| LINGUA | TONGUE | ||
| Corpus linguae | Body of tongue | ||
| Radix linguae | Root of tongue | ||
| Dorsum linguae | Dorsum of tongue | ||
| Pars anterior; pars presulcalis | Anterior part; presulcal part | ||
| Pars posterior; pars postsulcalis | Posterior part; postsulcal part | ||
| Facies inferior linguae | Inferior surface of tongue | ||
| Plica fimbriata | Fimbriated fold | ||
| Margo linguae | Margin of tongue | ||
| Apex linguae | Apex of tongue; tip of tongue | ||
| Tunica mucosa linguae | Mucous membrane of tongue | ||
| Frenulum linguae | Frenulum of tongue | ||
| Papillae linguales | Papillae of tongue; lingual papillae | ||
| Papillae filiformes | Filiform papillae | ||
| Papillae fungiformes | Fungiform papillae | ||
| Papillae vallatae | Vallate papillae | ||
| Papillae foliatae | Foliate papillae | ||
| Sulcus medianus linguae | Midline groove of tongue; median sulcus of tongue | ||
| Sulcus terminalis linguae | Terminal sulcus of tongue | ||
| Foramen caecum linguae | Foramen caecum of tongue | ||
| (Ductus thyroglossalis) | (Thyroglossal duct) | ||
| Tonsilla lingualis | Lingual tonsil | ||
| Noduli lymphoidei | Lymphoid nodules | ||
| Septum linguae | Lingual septum | ||
| Aponeurosis linguae | Lingual aponeurosis | ||
| Musculi linguae | Muscles of tongue | ||
| M. genioglossus | Genioglossus | ||
| M. hyoglossus | Hyoglossus | ||
| M. chondroglossus | Chondroglossus | ||
| M. ceratoglossus | Ceratoglossus | ||
| M. styloglossus | Styloglossus | ||
| M. longitudinalis superior | Superior longitudinal muscle | ||
| M. longitudinalis inferior | Inferior longitudinal muscle | ||
| M. transversus linguae | Transverse muscle | ||
| M. verticalis linguae | Vertical muscle | ||
| M. palatoglossus | Palatoglossus | ||
| FAUCES | FAUCES | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Isthmus faucium | Isthmus of fauces; oropharyngeal isthmus | ||
| Palatum molle; velum palatinum | Soft palate | ||
| Uvula palatina | Uvula | ||
| Arcus palatoglossus; plica anterior faucium | Palatoglossal arch; anterior pillar of fauces | ||
| (Plica triangularis) | (Triangular fold) | ||
| Arcus palatopharyngeus; plica posterior faucium | Palatopharyngeal arch; posterior pillar of fauces | ||
| (Plica semilunaris) | (Semilunar fold) | ||
| Fossa tonsillaris; sinus tonsillaris | Tonsillar sinus; tonsillar fossa; tonsillar bed | ||
| Fossa supratonsillaris | Supratonsillar fossa | ||
| Tonsilla palatina | Palatine tonsil | ||
| Capsula tonsillae | Tonsillar capsule | ||
| (Fissura tonsillaris; fissura intratonsillaris) | (Tonsillar cleft; intratonsillar cleft) | ||
| Fossulae tonsillae | Tonsillar pits | ||
| Cryptae tonsillae | Tonsillar crypts | ||
| Musculi palati mollis et faucium | Muscles of soft palate and fauces | ||
| Aponeurosis palatina | Palatine aponeurosis | ||
| M. levator veli palatini | Levator veli palatini | ||
| M. tensor veli palatini | Tensor veli palatini | ||
| M. uvulae | Musculus uvulae | ||
| M. palatoglossus | Palatoglossus | ||
| M. palatopharyngeus | Palatopharyngeus | ||
| Fasciculus anterior | Anterior fascicle | ||
| Fasciculus posterior; m. sphincter palatopharyngeus | Posterior fascicle; palatopharyngeal sphincter |
CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLA
Discussion