TYPES OF GRAMMAR

Grammar may be distinguisht into two kinds; 1. Natural, and Ge∣neral; 2. Instituted and Particular.

1. Natural Grammar, (which may likewise be stiled Philosophi∣cal, Rational, and Universal) should contain all such Grounds and Rules, as do naturally and necessarily belong to the Philosophy of letters and speech in the General.

2. Instituted and Particular Grammar, doth deliver the rules which are proper and peculiar to any one Language in Particular; as about the Inflexion of words, and the Government of cases, &c. In the Latin, Greek,* &c. and is defined by Scaliger to be scientia loquendi ex usu.

The parts of Grammar are principally these three.

1. Concerning the kinds of words, or those several modes and re∣spects, according to which the names of things may be varied in their Acceptions; being made either derivative Nouns, or Adverbs; toge∣ther with their several inflexions and compositions; which may be stiled Etymology.

2. Concerning the proper union or right construction of these into Propositions or sentences; which is called Syntax.

3. Concerning the most convenient marks or sounds for the ex∣pression of such names or words; whether by writing, Orthography; or by speech, Orthoepy.

The first of these concerning the Doctrine of Words, may refer either, 1. To the formal differences or kinds of them; or, 2. To the Accidental changes of them, in respect of Inflection, Derivation, Com∣position.

Words, according to their formal differences and kinds, may be thus distributed.

All words are either

• Integrals
  • Nouns
    • Substantives
      • Neuter.
      • Active.
      • Passive.
    • Adjectives
      • Neuter.
      • Active.
      • Passive.
  • Adverbs derived
    • Passive.

• Particles
  • Grammatical
    • Essential and perpetual in every com∣pleat sentence. The Copula.
    • Not essential, but occasional,
      • Substitutive in the room of some
        • Integral, Pronoun.
        • Sentence, or com∣plex part of it Interjection.
      • Connexive, ex∣pressing the
        • Construction of word with word,
        • Preposition.
        • Contexture of sen∣tence with sen∣tence
          • Adverb.
          • Conjunction.
      • Declarative of some Ac∣cident be∣longing to
        • Integral, Article.
        • Copula, Mode.
        • Integral or Cop. Tense.
• Transcendental Particles.

By Integrals or Principal words, I mean such as signifie some entire thing or notion: whether the Ens or Thing it self, or the Essence of a thing, as Nouns Neuters, whether concrete or abstract; or the Do∣ing or Suffering of a thing as Nouns Active or Passive; or the manner and affection of it, as Derived Adverds.

Those instituted words which men do agree upon for the names and appellations of things, are stiled Nouns.

All Integrals are either.*

• Concrete.
  • Substantive.
    • Neuters 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉calere vel calor. Lucere vel lux.
      • Heat. Light.
    • Active. Calefactio. A. Illuminatio.
      • Heating. Enlightning.
    • Passive. Calefactio. P. Illuminari.
      • Being Heated. Enlightned.
  • Adjective.
    • Neuter. Calidus. Lucidus.
      • Hot. Light.
    • Active. Calefaciens. Illuminans.
      • Heating. Enlightning.
    • Passive. Calefactus. Illuminatus.
      • Heated. Enlightned.
  • Adverb.
    • Neuter. Calidè. Lucidè.
      • Hotly. Lightly.
    • Active. Calefacienter. Illuminanter.
      • Heatingly. Illuminatingly.
    • Passive. Calefactè. Illuminatè.
      • Heatedly. Illuminatedly.
• Abstract.

• Substantive.
  • Neuter. Caloritas. Luciditas.
    • Hotness. Lightness.
  • Active. Calefactivitas. Illuminativitas.
    • Calefactivity. Illuminativity.
  • Passive. Calefactibilitas. Illuminabilitas.
    • Calefactibility. Illuminability.
• Adjective.
  • Neuter. Caloritativus. Luciditativus.
    • Caloritative. Luciditative.
  • Active. Calefactivus. Illuminativus.
    • Calefactive. Illuminative.
  • Passive. Calefactibilis. Illuminabilis.
    • Calefactible. Illuminable.
• Adverb.
  • Neuter. Caloritativè. Luciditativè.
    • Caloritatively. Luciditatively.
  • Active. Calefactivè. Illuminativè.
    • Calefactively. Illuminatatively.
  • Passive. Calefactibiliter. Illuminabiliter.
    • Calefactibly. Illuminably.