Table of Contents
BACK
- BACK OF TRUNK
- functions and features
- human beings mostly lies on back
- skin is thick and fixed to underlying fascia
- Layers
- skin
- superficial fascia
- Contents
- Cutaneous nerves
- Muscles of back
- Spaces
- triangle of auscultation
- small triangular interval
- Lumbar triangle of petit
- boundaries
- medially by lateral border of latissimus dorsi
- laterally by posterior border of external oblique muscle
- inferiorly by iliac crest ( forms base)
- clinically
- lumbar hernia
- Scapular region
- muscles of scapular region
- deltoid
- shoulder cuff or rotator cuff
- intermuscular spaces
- quadrangular space
- superior
- subscapularis
- inferior
- superior border of teres major
- medial - lateral border of long head of triceps brachi
- lateral - surgical neck of humerus
- Contents
- axillary nerve
- posterior circumflex humeral vessels
- upper triangular space
- superior
- inferior border of teres minor
- lateral
- medial border of long head of triceps brachii
- inferior
- superior border of teres major
- Contents
- circumflex scapular artery
- lower triangular space
- contents
- radial nerve
- profundal brachii vessels
NOTES
DISSECTION TUTORIALS
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Artery | Nerve | Action | Antagonist | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| trapezius | समलंबिका | down midline, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial part of superior nuchal line, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12 | at shoulders, lateral third of clavicle, acromion of scapula, spine of scapula | transverse cervical artery | motor: accessory nerve [CNXI] | retracts and elevates scapula | serratus anterior |
| sensory: cervical nerves C3 and C4 | |||||||
| latissimus dorsi | कटिपार्श्वच्छदिका | spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs | floor of intertubercular groove of humerus | subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery | thoracodorsal nerve | pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally | deltoid, trapezius |
| rhomboids | समचतुर्भुजिका | nuchal ligaments, spinous processes of C7-T5 vertebrae | medial border of scapula | dorsal scapular artery | dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) | retracts scapula and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapula to thoracic wall | serratus anterior |
| rhomboid major | spinous processes of T2 to T5 vertebrae | medial border of scapula, inferior to insertion of rhomboid minor | |||||
| rhomboid minor | लघु अंसापकर्षणी | nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7- to T1 vertebrae | medial border of scapula, superior to insertion of rhomboid major | ||||
| levator scapulae | अंस उन्नमनिका | posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 – C4 vertebrae | superior part of medial border of scapula | cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5) | elevates scapula, tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula |
