HINDI PRONOUN
Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी, IAST/ISO 15919: Hindī), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी, IAST/ISO 15919: Mānak Hindī), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in India. Hindi has been described as a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language, which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and neighbouring areas of Northern India.
case | Oblique case | – | – | – |
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case | Inducive case | – | – | – |
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case | Absolutive case | – | – | – |
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case | Ergative case | – | – | – |
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case | effectuative case | – | – | – |
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case | affective case | – | – | – |
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case | dative case | – | – | – |
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case | instrumental case | – | – | – |
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case | activative case | – | – | – |
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case | derivative case | – | – | – |
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case | situative case | – | – | – |
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case | Posessive | – | – | – |
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case | proprieative | – | – | – |
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case | genitive | – | – | – |
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case | attributive | – | – | – |
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case | productive | – | – | – |
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case | interpretative | – | – | – |
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case | originative | – | – | – |
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case | Partitive case | – | – | – |
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case | contrastive case | – | – | – |
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case | compositive case | – | – | – |
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case | predicative case | – | – | – |
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case | mediative case | – | – | – |
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case | applicative case | – | – | – |
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case | purposive case | – | – | – |
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case | considerative case | – | – | – |
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case | essive case | – | – | – |
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case | assimilative case | – | – | – |
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case | functive case | – | – | – |
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case | transformative case | – | – | – |
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case | referential case | – | – | – |
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case | classificative case | – | – | – |
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case | conductive case | – | – | – |
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case | interdependent case | – | – | – |
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case | benefactive case | – | – | – |
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case | transpositive case | – | – | – |
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case | commutative case | – | – | – |
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case | comitative case | – | – | – |
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case | conjunctive case | – | – | – |
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case | utilitative case | – | – | – |
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case | abessive case | – | – | – |
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case | conversive case | – | – | – |
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case | correlative case | – | – | – |
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case | dependent case | – | – | – |
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case | provisional case | – | – | – |
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case | postulative case | – | – | – |
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case | concessive case | – | – | – |
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case | expective case | – | – | – |
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case | aversive case | – | – | – |
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case | comparative case | – | – | – |
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case | simultaneitive case | – | – | – |
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case | asessive case | – | – | – |
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case | concursive case | – | – | – |
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case | accessive case | – | – | – |
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case | diffusive case | – | – | – |
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case | periodic case | – | – | – |
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case | prolapsive case | – | – | – |
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case | precursive case | – | – | – |
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case | postcursive case | – | – | – |
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case | elapsive case | – | – | – |
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case | allapsive case | – | – | – |
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case | interpolative case | – | – | – |
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case | episodic case | – | – | – |
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case | prolimitive case | – | – | – |
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case | limitative case | – | – | – |
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case | locative case | – | – | – |
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case | orientative case | – | – | – |
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case | procursive case | – | – | – |
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case | allative case | – | – | – |
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case | ablative case | – | – | – |
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case | navigative case | – | – | – |
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cases | case name | SINGULAR | DUAL | PLURAL |
case 1 | Direct/nominative (कर्ता) | | | |
मैं | हम दोनों | हम |
case 2 | Oblique/object/accusative/कर्म | | | |
मुझे - mujhe | हम दोनों के | हम / हमारे |
case 3 | instrumental/करण | | | |
मुझसे / मेरेसे | हम दोनों से | हमसे / हमोंसे |
case 4 | dative /संप्रदान | | | |
मुझे / मुझको / मेरेको , लिए , मुझको } | हम दोनों को | हमें / हमको / हमारेको |
case 5 | ablative /अपदान | | | |
मुझसे | हम दोनों से | हमसे / हमोंसे |
case 6 | genitive /संबंध | | | |
मेरा / मेरी } | हम दोनों का / कि | हमारे हमारी / हमारीं |
case 7 | inessive /अधिकरण | | | |
मुझमें | हम दोनों में | हममें / हमारेमें |
case 8 | adessive /अधिकरण | | – | – |
मुझपर | हम दोनों पर | हमपर / हमपे / हमारेपर / हमारेपे |
case 9 | Terminative(अंतिम) | — | – | — |
मुझतक | हम दोनों तक | हुमतक |
case 10 | ergative | – | – | – |
मैंने | हम दोनों ने | हमने |
case 11 | semblative(सदृश्य) | – | – | – |
मुझसा | हम दोनों सा | हमसा |
case 12 | vocative/संबोधन | – | – | – |
हे | | । |
case 12 | orientative | – | – | – | |
मेरे तरफ | – | – | orientative marker; towards, |
case 13 | innesive | – | – | – | |
मेरे अंदर | – | – | inessive marker; inside, |
case 14 | elative | – | – | – | |
मेरे बाहर | – | – | elative marker outside |
case 15 | adessive | – | – | – | |
मेरे बगल | – | – | adessive marker adjacent |
case 16 | apudessive | – | – | – | |
मेरे आगे | – | – | apudessive marker; in front of, ahead of, |
case 17 | superessive | – | – | – | |
मेरे ऊपर | – | – | superessive marker; on top of, above |
case 18 | subessive | – | – | – | |
मेरे नीचे | – | – | subessive marker; beneath, below |
case 19 | abessive | – | – | – | |
मेरे बिना , बगैर | – | – | abessive marker; without |
case 20 | antessive | – | – | – | |
मेरे बाद | – | – | antessive marker; after |
case 21 | adessive | – | – | – | |
मेरे पास | – | – | adessive marker; near |
case 22 | semblative | – | – | – | |
मेरे जैसा | – | – | semblative marker, like similar to |
case 23 | beneficative | – | – | – | |
मेरे लिए | – | – | benefactive marker; for |
case 24 | postessive | – | – | – | |
सामने | – | – | postessive case facing, opposite, infront, etc.[23] |
case 25 | pertingent | – | – | – | |
पीछे | – | – | pertingent marker; behind |
case 26 | perlative | – | – | – | |
द्वारा | – | – | perlative marker; via, through, by |
mantrakshar | Compound Postpositions | Explanation |
| kī taraf | orientative marker; towards, |
| ke andar | inessive marker; inside, |
| ke bāhar | elative marker outside |
| ke baġal | adessive marker adjacent |
| ke āge | apudessive marker; in front of, ahead of, |
| ke ūpar | superessive marker; on top of, above |
| ke nīce | subessive marker; beneath, below |
| ke binā/baġair | abessive marker; without |
| ke bāre | concerning (something) |
| ke bād | antessive marker; after |
| ke pās | adessive marker; near |
| ke jaisā | semblative marker, like similar to |
| ke liye | benefactive marker; for |
| ke sāmne | postessive case facing, opposite, infront, etc.[23] |
| ke pīche | pertingent marker; behind |
| ke dvārā/zariye | |
mantrakshar | Compound Postpositions | Marker | Explanation |
| ke bāre mẽ | about | regarding/concerning/about something |
| ke bād mẽ | antessive marker; after (emphatic) | (in a sequence) something is after something |
| ke sāth mẽ | sociative marker; with (emphatic) | something is along/together with something else |
| ke nīce mẽ | subessive marker; beneath, below (emphatic) | location of something is below something else |
| kī vajah se | causal marker, because of | something happens/ed because of (fault of) something else |
| ke pīche se | postelative marker; from behind | motion/movement from behind something |
| ke andar se | inessive marker; inside, | motion/movement from inside something |
| ke āge se | from infront | motion/movement from infront of something |
| ke pās se | adelative marker; from near (something) | motion/movement near something |
| ke nīce se | subessive marker; beneath, below | motion/movement from below something |
| ke ūpar se | delative marker; from above | motion/movement from above something |
| ke ūpar ko | sublative marker; | motion/movement onto a surface |
| kī taraf ko | towards [a direction] (emphatic) | motion/movement towards a direction |
cases | case name | SINGULAR | DUAL | PLURAL |
case 1 | direct | | | |
तू / तुम | तुम दोनों | तुम |
case 2 | Oblique | | | |
तुझ / तेरे | | तुम्हारे |
case 3 | instrumental | | | |
तुझसे,तेरेसे ,तुमसे ,तुम्हारेसे | तुम दोनों से | तुमसे ,तुम्हारेसे |
case 4 | dative | | | |
तुम्हें / तुमको / तुम्हारेको, तुझको | तुम दोनों को | तुम्हें / तुमको / तुम्हारेको |
case 5 | ablative | | | |
तुझसे / तेरेसे | तुम दोनों से | तुमसे / तुम्हारेसे |
case 6 | genitive | | | |
तेरा , तेरी | तुम दोनों का | तुम्हारा , तुम्हारी |
case 7 | locative-in | | | |
तुझमें | तुम दोनों में | तुममें |
case 8 | locative-on | – | – | – |
तुझपर | तुम दोनों पर | |
case 9 | Terminative | — | – | — |
तुमतक | तुम दोनों तक | तुम तक |
case 10 | ergative | – | – | – |
तुमने | हम दोनों ने | तुमने |
HONORARY PRONOUNS
‘case’ विभक्ति | Singular एकवचनम् | Dual द्विवचनम् | Plural बहुवचनम् |
First (or Direct case) प्रथमा | आप | आप | आप |
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Second (or Oblique case) द्वितीया | आप | आप | आप |
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Third (or instrumental case) तृतीया | आपसे | आप दोनों से | आपो से |
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Fourth (or Dative case) चतुर्थी | आपको | आपको | आपको |
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Fifth (or Ablative case) पञ्चमी | आपसे | आप दोनों से | आप लोगों से |
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Sixth (or genitive case) षष्ठी | आपका / आपकी | | आपके / आपकीं |
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Seventh (or Locative case) सप्तमी | आपमें | आप दोनों में | आप लोगों में |
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| इस /this | उस/that | इन/these | उन/those |
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का(of) | इसका (of this) | उसका | इनका | उनका |
की | इसकी | उसकी | इनकी | उनकी |
के | इसके | उसके | इनके | उनके |
को | इसको (for this) | उसको | इनको | उनको |
से | इससे (by this) | उससे | इनसे | उनसे |
सा | इससा(like this) | उससा | इनसा | उनसा |
में | इसमें (In This) | उसमें | इनमें | उनमें |
पर | इसपर (on this) | उसपर | इनपर | उनपर |
ने | इसने | उसने | इन्होंने | उन्होंने |
| किस | जिस | किन | जिन | सब |
का | किसका | जिसका | किनका | जिनका | सबका |
की | किसकी | जिसकी | किनकी | जिनकी | सबकी |
के | किसके | जिसकी | किनकी | जिनकी | सबकी |
को | किसको | जिसको | किनको | जिनको | सबको |
पर | किसपर | जिसपर | किनपर | जिनपर | सबपर |
में | किसमें | जिसमें | किनमे | जिनमें | सबमें |
से | किससे | जिससे | किनसे | जिनसे | सबसे |
सा | किससा | जिससा | किनसा | जिनसा | सबसा |
ने | किसने | जिसने | किन्होंने | जिन्होंने | सबने |
तक | किसतक | जिसतक | किनतक | जिनतक | सबतक |
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