The Parts of Animate Bodies; whether I. More Peculiar

UNder this Head of PECULIAR PARTS of Animate Bodies are comprehended all the Parts that belong to the whole kind of Plants:* But as to Animals, it contains onely such as are peculiar to some of them, not common to all. And these are comprehended with the others under the same Head, because I could not otherwise place them conveniently to my purpose. They are distinguishable by their rela∣tion to

• पौधा ; as being
  • LASTING PARTS. I.
  • ANNUAL PARTS. II.
  • फल के प्रकार . III.
• Animals; belonging chiefly unto
  • जलचर जीव . IV.
  • नभचर / खेचरी जीव . V.
  • भूचर जीव . VI.

By LASTING PARTS of Plants are meant such as do usually con∣tinue during the life of the Plant, and are not renewed every year.* And because the chief of these is styled WOOD, therefore may that be here adjoyned by way of affinity. These are distinguishable by their Fabric and Consistence, together with their Position and Shape; being either more

Hard and Solid; considered according to the

• भूमि , wherein Plants do grow; being either
  • Within it; to which may be adjoyned those parts in the body of the Plant which have some analogy to Roots.
    • मूल , जड़ , Radical, radicate, eradicate.
    • गांठ KNOT, Knurle, Knag.
  • Without it; the upright part above ground; ‖ either the greater, upon, and from which the branches do grow: or the lesser, growing up from the same root.
    • काण्ड , डंठल , डंठी , ठूंठ
    • SUCKER, Shoot.

• Plant it self, shooting from the Stem of it; ‖ whether greater and spread: or less, and pointed, being common likewise to Fishes, &c.
  • शाखा , डंगाली , पेड़ की शाखा , टहनी , डाल
  • कांटा , कंटक , THORN, Prickle, spinous.

Shape and Figure; ‖ more cylindrical and stiff: or more taper and flexile.

• छड़ी , लकड़ी , लाठी , डंडा , दण्डा , घुंडी
• सोंटा , खंबा , बल्ला , स्थम्भ , WAND, Twig, Rod, Switch, Pole.

• Not dissolvable; ‖ outward: or inward.
  • RINDE, Bark, Pill.
  • PITH.

• Dissolvable, by Water, or by Fire; being ‖ either of an aqueous: or an unctuous nature.
  • GUM.
  • RESIN.

Liquid; of a ‖ more watery: or more unctuous consistence.

• रस JUICE, Sap, succulent.
• BALSAM.

More principal; those parts whereby Plants do propagate their kinds.

Antecedent to the Seed; either that most tender part of a Plant, con∣siderable for its beauty and colour, adhering to the first rudiments of the Seed: or that which is answerable to this in Willows and Nut-trees, &c.

• फूल , पुष्प , कुसुम FLOWER, Blossom, Bloom, blown, Nosegay, Posey.
• CATKIN, Palm.

The Seed it self; in respect of the

• Parts belonging to it, and encompassing it; ‖ either the most
  • Soft and succulent; betwixt the outward Skin and the inward Seed vessel: or the most hard crustaceous part containing the Seed.
    • गुद्दा , लुगदी PULP.
    • STONE, Shell.
  • Thin part, for Covering: or Oblong, for Defence.
    • भूँसा , शंख , फूस , HUSK, Hull, Shell, Skin, Chaff, Boled.
    • दाढ़ी , BEARD.
• Aggregate of Fruit or Seed; of a Figure ‖ more gross and confused: or more narrow, oblong, and taper.
  • CLUSTER, Bunch, Pannicle.
  • EAR, Spike, Spire, Bent.

Thickness or Thinness; either such as are more thick, namely the first little swellings in the growth of a Plant, or of the parts of it: or such as are more thin, namely those laminated parts, belonging either to Plants themselves, or to their flowers.

• उगना , अंकुरित , SPROUT, Bud, shoot, burgeon, pullutate, repullutate, germinate, put forth, spring forth.
• फाली , पात्र LEAF, Foliags, Blade.

Length; whether such as are

• Proper to the Flower; the greater, standing up singly in the middle of the flower: or the lesser, being small threddy filaments with∣in the flower, whereof there are usually many together.
  • STILE.
  • STAMEN, tuft.

• Common to other parts of the plant; ‖ either those small stemms, up∣on which flowers and leaves do grow: or those kinds of threddy shoots, by which climbing Plants do take hold of and twist about the things that stand next to them
  • डाल STALK, Footstalk, shank.
  • TENDREL, Clasper.

Hollowness; conteining within it, either ‖ the leaves of the flower: or the fruit.

• CUP, Perianthium.
• PERICARPIUM.

By FRUITS are meant those more Succulent parts of Plants, which are either the Receptacles of Seed, or else the Seeds themselves;* to which may be adjoyned▪ by way of affinity, the general name denoting the EXCRESCENCES of Plants, as Galls are of Oken leaves, &c.

Fruits may be distinguished into such as are

Eaten commonly by men; whose eatable part is covered with a

• Soft Skin.
  • Without Stones; being generally a larger fruit.
    • APPLE, Pomiferous.
  • With Stones; ‖ either the greater kind, conteining one single stone encompassed with an esculent pulp: or the less, growing either in Clusters, or dispersedly on Trees, Shrubs and Herbs, conteining generally several small seeds or stones in the pulp or husk of it.
    • PLUM, Pruin, Pruniferous.
    • BERRY, Bacciferous.

• Hard Shell; namely that kind of fruit, whose only esculent part is inclosed in a hard covering.
  • NUT, Nuciferous.

Not eaten commonly by men, but by beasts.

• Consisting of one only Seed, in a Seed-vessel; ‖ roundish: or flat-fi∣gured.
  • MAST, Acorn, Pannage.
  • KEY.
• Conteining several Seeds; being ‖ more solid: or hollow.
  • CONE, Apple.
  • COD, Husk, Pod, Shell, shale, siliquous.

Seed; ‖ being the most minute kind of Fruit, whereby Plants propa∣gate their Kinds; or the Inmost parts of Seeds.

• GRAIN, Corn, Kern.
• KERNEL.

The Peculiar parts of Animals here enumerated are said to be such as belong chiefly, not only, to the several kinds of Swimming, Flying, Going Animals; because there are some under each Head that belong also to other Animals. So Spawn and Crust belong to Insects, and some Beasts, as well as to Fish. So Trunk or Proboscis, and Egg do belong to some Going Animals, as well as to Flying. So doth Embroyo to a Bat and all Viviparous Fish, as well as to Going Animals. But these Parts are more commonly and generally found amongst those Kinds under which they are listed.

IV. Those Parts peculiar chiefly to SWIMMING ANIMALS, to which Custom hath ascribed distinct names, do serve either for their

Outward Covering; with respect to different Magnitudes.

• Lesser; being a Thin lamin.
  • शल्क SCALE.
• Greater; ‖ opening usually upon a Ioint, as in Oisters, &c. or an entire Armature, without such opening, as in Lobsters, &c.
  • शंख , SHELL, Testaceous.
  • CRUST-aceous, Shell.

Respiration; those Opening parts on the sides of the Head, which are thought to supply the place of Lungs.

• GILL.

Progressive motion; serving either to

Direct this motion; by feeling such objects as lye in the way, being long prominencies, standing off from the head, common to several Insects.

• FEELERS, Horns, Antennae.

Assist in this motion; whether of

• Swimming; as in most kinds of skinned and scaly fish.
  • Internal; a thin membrane filled with air, by the help of which Fishes poise themselves in the water.
    • SWIMMING BLADDER.
• External; ‖ either those thin broad substances, standing off from the body of the Fish: or those long slender parts belonging to these
  • FINN.
  • RAY, Radius, Pinnula.

• Going; as in crustaceous exanguious Animals.
  • नाखून , नख , पर्णीज , करज , नखर , कुनख , अंगुलिज .

Procreation; belonging either to the ‖ Males: or Females.

• MILT, Soft row.
• SPAWN, Hard row.

• Fore-part; and placed either ‖ on the top of the head: or under the Iaw.
  • COMB, Crest.
  • GILL, Wattle.
• Hinder-part; ‖ either that Protuberance about the end of the Back-bone: or that Cavity or Glandule in it containing an unctuous substance for the suppling of the Feathers.
  • RUMP.
  • OIL-BOX.

Not fleshy; such as serve for

Outward covering, which is done by small oblong bodies, with hair-like branches growing from both sides of them, the bottom of which is a kind of a hollow Cylinder like a reed.

• पंखुड़ी ,FEATHER, Plume, callow, fledge, pluck.
• पंखुड़ी का कलम

Progressive motion; which in such kind of Creatures is twofold.

• Flying; which is done by those parts fastned on the shoulders, by the motion of which they strike the Air: These are generally an aggre∣gate of Feathers; but in Bats and Flies of a Skinny consistence. To which may be adjoyned that aggregate of hindermost Fea∣thers, whereby they steer themselves in their Flight.
  • पंख WING.
  • पुंछ , TRAIN, Tail.
• Going; by a Foot with several Toes ‖ divided: or united by some film for their better help in Swimming.
  • TALON, Pounce, Claw, Clutch.
  • FLAT FOOT, Palmipede.

Feeding and Fighting; ‖ the mouth of a Bird: or a kind of hollow tube through which some things suck their nourishment.

• चोंच , BEAK, Bill.
• सूंड , थूथन

Fighting onely; of a sharp figure; ‖ either on the side of the Leg: or in the Tail, counted poisonous.

• SPUR.
• डंक , STING, Prickle.

Procreation; ‖ a roundish body covered with a Shell: or a yellowish case. containing a Maggot, which is transmuted into a Moth or Butterfly.

• अंडा , डिंब , अंडादाना , maggot , लीख का अंडा
• कोशस्थ कीट , CHRYSALITE, Aurelia.

More general name; denoting a small oblong flexile body, growing Plant-like out of the skin: or Aggregates of these, growing thick to∣gether and curled.

• रोम , केश , लोम , बाल , जुलफ़े
• अङ्गरुह , ऊर्ण

Particular kinds; ‖ either a more big and stiff kind of hair: or the more small and softer kinds of hairy substances, sometimes ascribed to Feathers.

• कडा बाल , क्रोडवाल , दृढलोमन् , सटा
• DOWN, Lint.

Aggregates; more proper to Hair: or to Wool.

• लोमचर्मन्
• ऊन , ऊर्ण , भेड़ के बाल

Hairy parts; ‖ on the Chin or Face: or on the Neck.

• दाढ़ी , मूंछ , भौंरा , बिल्ली या शेर की मूंछ
• केयूर , सिंह के गर्दन के बाल , मोरपंख , कृष्णपंख

Progressive motion; whether ‖ in whole or cloven-footed Animals: or in multifidous or clawed Animals.

• खुर , अश्वखुरा , गोखुरा
• नख , नाखून , पंजा ,

Fighting; the foremost part serving for offence against greater Animals: or the hindermost part serving for defence against Insects.

• किरट , शृंग , सिंग
• पूँछ , दुम , लट , डुलावा

Procreation; the young in the Womb before its birth: or the bag wherein it is contained.

• भ्रूण , युग्मज , कोख में का बच्चा
• नवजात , अर्भक , गोदना , नन्हा