As Nouns are notes or signs of things, so Pronouns are of Nouns;* and are therefore called Pronomina, quasi vice Nominum,* as being placed commonly instead of Nouns. They represent things either

1. Immediately and in kind, without respect to the names of those things. So when its said, I exhort thee or him: The Pronoun I repre∣sent to our thoughts the person speaking, suppose Iohn; and the words thee, him, the person spoken to or of, suppose William or Thomas.

2. Mediately by their names, which are either

1. Exprest with the Pronoun, as commonly it happens upon the first intimation or mention of the thing; as this or that man or book, and in these cases the Pronouns are commonly called Demonstrative.

2. Supplyed by the Pronouns, as is usual for Brevities sake, at the re∣peating of the mention of a thing lately before spoken of; as he, it, &c. and then the Pronoun is called Relative. Examples of both sorts are to be had in the Grammars of Instituted Languages.

More commodiously for our purpose, the Pronouns are to be con∣sidered either according to their, 1. Number. 2. Modifications.

1. As to their Number; there are twelve which may be stiled simple Pronouns, and three other that are Compound.

The Simple Pronouns, for the better convenience of and comply∣ance with the Characters, are reduced into these three combinations; whereof the first and last combinations are single, the other double.

• I.
• Thou.
• He.
• This.
• Same.
• Certain one.
• That.
• Another.
• Some one.
• Any one.
• Every one.
• All.

Of all which it is to be observed, that they are in some kind or other, Quantitatives; that is to say, every one of these Pronouns makes the whole Proposition, or at least that part of the Proposition, which is affected with it, according to its own nature, to be either Sin∣gular, Indefinite, Particular or Universal.

2. The Modifications of Pronouns, whereby they are varied into different significations, are of two kinds.

1. Possessive, denoting a relation of Propriety or Possession unto the person or thing spoken of, which is applicable to all Pronouns, as I, Mine; Who, Whose, &c.

2. Reduplicative, denoting a particular Emphasis, whereby a word is raised and intended in its signification; as I my self, Thou thy self, &c.

Moreover it is to be observ'd, that the Personal Pronouns, and any of the rest being us'd Substantively, are capable of Number and Case; and that all other Pronouns beside the Personal, are capable of Com∣position with the Transcendentals of Person and Thing, of Place, Time and Manner.

The first Combination of Pronouns denoting the three Persons are Substantives, and for their Quantity singular, and cannot properly re∣present any other then Individual being▪ I have here adjoyned to them their plurals, for the sake of their Possessives; ours, yours, theirs, which without them cannot be so conveniently expressed.

Sing. Numb.

• I.
• *1. I. me
  • *Poss. My, Mine.
  • *Redup. Even I. I my self.
  • *Poss. Red. my own.
• *2. THOV. Thee.
  • *P. Thy. Thine.
  • *R. Thy self, even thou.
  • P. R. Thy own.
• *3. HE. Him. She. Her.
  • *P. His. Hers.
  • *R. He himself, even he.
• P. R. His own, her own.

Plur. Numb.

• We, us.*
  • Ours*
  • We our selves.*
  • Our own.
• Yee, you.*
  • Yours.*
  • Your selves.*
  • Your own.
• They, them, those.*
  • Theirs.*
  • They themselves.*
  • Their own.

The second Combination of Pronouns as likewise the rest that fol∣low, are properly Adjectives, though by reason of Ellipsis they are some∣times used Substantively. The three first of them, this, that, the same, are for their Quantities singulars, and do denote several relations of Identity; The three last, viz. Another, A certain one, Some one, are for their Quantities, Singulars or Particulars indeterminate. The first of them implies the Relation of Diversity.

• II.
• *1. THIS.
• *P. Belonging to this
• Person.
• Thing.
• *R. This very P. T.
• *Pl. Here.
• *T. Now.
• *M. This manner
• *2. THE SAME.
• *P. Belonging to the same.
• R. Self-same.
• *Pl.
• T.
• M.
• *3. A CERTAIN.
• P. Belonging to a certain P.T.
• P. L. A certain place.
• T. A certain time.
• M. A certain manner.
• THAT.*
• Belonging to that, it.*
• That very.*
• There.*
• Then.*
• That manner.*
• ANOTHER, other, else.*
• Anothers.*
• Wholy or quite ano∣ther.
• Elsewhere.*
• Otherwhile.*
• Otherwise.*
• SOME.*
• Somebodies.
• Somewhere.*
• Some time.*
• Some manner.
• Some wise.*

The third Combination of Pronouns are

III. General or Particular indefinite; *1. ANY, ought, ever a. P. Any ones, any bodies. *Pl. Any where. *T. Any time. *M. Any manner. General distributive; *2. EVERY ONE. P. Every ones, belonging to, or concerning every one, Person, Thing. Pl. Every where. T. Every time. M. Every manner. General Collective; *3. ALL. P. Belonging to all, Persons, Things. *Pl. All places. *T. Always, all times. *M. All manner of ways.

The fourth and last Combination is of the mixed or compound Pronouns; so styled, because they are made up of some of the other Pronouns, compounded with the three first and most simple of the Conjunctions. The first of them Quis? WHO? is the Pronoun All, taken in pieces, with an interrogation; For he that enquires who did this, means, doubting of all, did such a one? or such a one? &c. of all them that were capable to do it: but he that doubts only of one, enquires, did he do this? where Quis is plainly resolved into a Pro∣noun incorporated with a Conjunction Interrogative. And as for the second of these, Qui it is commonly translated And he. And the third Whosoever is the same as If any one. They may be distinguished into,

IV. 1. Interrogative; WHO? which? what?* P. Whose? * Pl. Where?* T. When?* M. How?* 2. Relative; WHO, which, that.* P. Whose.* Pl. Where.* T. When.* M. After which manner.* 3. Reduplicative; WHOSOEVER, whomsoever,* which∣soever, whatsoever. P. Whosesoever.* Pl. Wheresoever* T. Whensoever.* M. Howsoever, after what manner soever.*