Formal logic is also known as symbolic logic and is widely used in mathematical logic. It uses a formal approach to study reasoning: it replaces concrete expressions with abstract symbols to examine the logical form of arguments independent of their concrete content. In this sense, it is topic-neutral since it is only concerned with the abstract structure of arguments and not with their concrete content.

• Concerning the study of symbolic layouts and arrangements
  • design , art , diagram , image , picture
  • plan , layout , schema , floor plan
  • pattern
  • maps
  • charts

• Concerning the changes in shapes and forms
  • geometrical operations