| ENGLISH | MANTRAKSHAR | CARTOON | MEANING |
| GENERAL | | | |
| Anorexia |  | | loss of appetite. |
| weight loss |  | | |
| cachexia |  | | underlying illness causing ongoing muscle loss that is not entirely reversed with nutritional supplementation. |
| chills and shivering |  | | Shivering (also called shuddering) is a bodily function in response to cold and extreme fear in warm-blooded animals. |
| convulsions |  | | body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in uncontrolled shaking |
| deformity |  | | A deformity, dysmorphism, or dysmorphic feature |
| discharge |  | | Fluid discharge of mucus or pus |
| dizziness/ Vertigo | | | Vertigo is a condition where a person has the sensation of moving or of surrounding objects moving when they are not. Often it feels like a spinning or swaying movement |
| fatigue |  | | feeling of tiredness |
| malaise |  | | feeling of general discomfort,easiness or pain |
| asthenia |  | | weakness |
| hypothermia |  | | body core temperature below 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) |
| jaundice |  | | Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and whites of the eyes due to high bilirubin levels |
| muscle-weakness | | | |
| pyrexia |  | | Fever, also referred to as pyrexia, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set point. |
| sweats | | | perspiration or sweating |
| swelling | | | Edema, also spelled oedema, and also known as fluid retention, dropsy, hydropsy and swelling, is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue |
| swollen or painful lymph node(s) | | | |
| weight-gain |  | | |
| CARDIOVASCULAR | | | |
| arrythmia |  | | Arrhythmia, also known as cardiac arrhythmia or heart arrhythmia, is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow |
| bradycardia |  | | Bradycardia is a condition typically defined wherein an individual has a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minute (BPM) in adults, although some studies use a heart rate of less than 50 BPM |
| chest-pain |  | | Chest pain is pain or discomfort in the chest, typically the front of the chest. It may be described as sharp, dull, pressure, heaviness or squeezing. |
| claudication |  | | Claudication is a medical term usually referring to impairment in walking, or pain, discomfort, numbness, or tiredness in the legs that occurs during walking or standing and is relieved by rest |
| palpitations |  | | Palpitations are perceived abnormalities of the heartbeat characterized by awareness of cardiac muscle contractions in the chest, which is further characterized by the hard, fast and/or irregular beatings of the heart. |
| tachycardia |  | | Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate |
| EAR , NOSE AND THROAT | | | |
| dry mouth |  | | Xerostomia, also known as dry mouth, is dryness in the mouth, which may be associated with a change in the composition of saliva, or reduced salivary flow, or have no identifiable cause. |
| epistaxis |  | | A nosebleed, also known as epistaxis, is bleeding from the nose. Blood can also flow down into the stomach and cause nausea and vomiting. |
| halitosis |  | | Bad breath, also known as halitosis, is a symptom in which a noticeably unpleasant breath odour is present |
| hearing loss | | | |
| nasal discharge |  | | |
| otalgia |  | | Ear pain, also known as earache, is pain in the ear |
| otorrhea |  | | |
| sore throat |  | | Sore throat, also known as throat pain, is pain or irritation of the throat |
| toothache | | | |
| tinnitus |  | | Tinnitus is the perception of sound when no corresponding external sound is present |
| trismus |  | | Trismus, commonly called lockjaw, is reduced opening of the jaws (limited jaw range of motion). |
| GASTROINTESTINAL | | | |
| abdominal pain |  | | Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache |
| bloating | | | The person feels gas in the stomach, or air filled in the stomach |
| belching |  | | Burping (also called belching and eructation) is the release of gas from the upper digestive tract (esophagus and stomach) of animals through the mouth. It is usually audible. |
| bleeding: | | | |
| hematemsis |  | | vomiting of blood |
| melena |  | | |
| hematochezia |  | | Haematochezia is the passage of fresh blood through the anus, usually in or with stools (contrast with melena) |
| constipation |  | | Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass |
| diarrhea |  | | Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements each day. |
| dysphagia |  | | Dysphagia is difficulty in swallowing |
| dyspepsia |  | | Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia or upset stomach, is a condition of impaired digestion |
| fecal incontinence |  | | Fecal incontinence (FI), or in some forms encopresis, is a lack of control over defecation, leading to involuntary loss of bowel contents, both liquid stool elements and mucus, or solid feces. When this loss includes flatus (gas), it is referred to as anal incontinence. |
| flatulence |  | | Flatulence is defined in the medical literature as flatus expelled through the anus or the quality or state of being flatulent,[1] which is defined in turn as marked by or affected with gases generated in the intestine or stomach; likely to cause digestive flatulenc |
| heart burn |  | | Heartburn, also known as pyrosis, cardialgia or acid indigestion, is a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen. |
| nausea |  | | Nausea is a diffuse sensation of unease and discomfort, often perceived as an urge to vomit. |
| odynophagia |  | | Odynophagia is pain when swallowing.The pain may be felt in the mouth or throat and can occur with or without difficulty swallowing |
| proctalgia fugax |  | | Proctalgia fugax, a variant of levator ani syndrome, is a severe, episodic pain in the regions of the rectum and anus. |
| pyrosis | | | Heartburn, also known as pyrosis, cardialgia or acid indigestion, is a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen. |
| rectal tenesmus | | | Rectal tenesmus is a feeling of incomplete defecation. It is the sensation of inability or difficulty to empty the bowel at defecation, even if the bowel contents have already been evacuated |
| steatorrhea |  | | Steatorrhea (or steatorrhoea) is the presence of excess fat in feces |
| vomiting | | | Vomiting (also known as emesis and throwing up)[a] is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. |
| INTEGUMENTARY | | | |
| HAIR | | | |
| alopecia |  | | Hair loss, also known as alopecia or baldness, refers to a loss of hair from part of the head or body. |
| hirsutism |  | | Hirsutism is excessive body hair on parts of the body where hair is normally absent or minimal. |
| hypertrichosis |  | | Hypertrichosis is an abnormal amount of hair growth over the body |
| NAIL | | | |
| kilonychia |  | | |
| SKIN | | | |
| abrasion | | | An abrasion is a partial thickness wound caused by damage to the skin and can be superficial involving only the epidermis to deep, involving the deep dermis |
| anasarca | | | Anasarca is a severe and generalized form of edema, with subcutaneous tissue swelling throughout the body. |
| bleeding into the skin | | | |
| petechia |  | | A petechia (pl. petechiae) is a small (1–2 mm) red or purple spot on the skin or conjunctiva, caused by a minor bleed from broken capillary blood vessels |
| purpura |  | | Purpura (/ˈpɜːrpjʊərə/[1]) is a condition of red or purple discolored spots on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure. The spots are caused by bleeding underneath the skin secondary to platelet disorders, |
| ecchymosis and bruising (Sx0 (x=0 through 9)) |  | | A bruise, also known as a contusion, is a type of hematoma of tissue, |
| blister (T14.0) |  | | A blister is a small pocket of body fluid (lymph, serum, plasma, blood, or pus) within the upper layers of the skin, usually caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection |
| edema (R60) | | | |
| itching (L29) |  | | Itch (also known as pruritus) is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch. |
| Janeway lesions and Osler's node | | | |
| laceration |  | | |
| rash (R21) | | | A rash is a change of the human skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture. |
| urticaria (L50) |  | | Hives, also known as urticaria, is a kind of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps. |
| NEUROLOGICAL | | | |
| abnormal posturing | | | |
| acalculia |  | | Acalculia is an acquired impairment in which people have difficulty performing simple mathematical tasks, such as adding, subtracting, multiplying and even simply stating which of two numbers is larger |
| agnosia |  | | Agnosia is the inability to process sensory information. |
| alexia |  | | Dyslexia, also known as reading disorder, is characterized by trouble with reading despite normal intelligence |
| amnesia |  | | Amnesia is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage or disease |
| anomia |  | | Anomic aphasia (also known as dysnomia, nominal aphasia, and amnesic aphasia) is a mild, fluent type of aphasia where individuals have word retrieval failures and cannot express the words they want to say (particularly nouns and verbs) |
| anosognosia |  | | Anosognosia is a condition in which a person with a disability is cognitively unaware of having it due to an underlying physical condition. |
| aphasia |  | | Aphasia is an inability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. |
| apraxia |  | | Apraxia is a motor disorder caused by damage to the brain (specifically the posterior parietal cortex or corpus callosum[1]) which causes difficulty with motor planning to perform tasks or movements |
| ataxia |  | | Ataxia is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that can include gait abnormality, speech changes, and abnormalities in eye movements |
| cataplexy |  | | Cataplexy is a sudden and transient episode of muscle weakness accompanied by full conscious awareness, typically triggered by emotions such as laughing, crying, or terror |
| confusion |  | | An altered state of consciousness (ASC), also called altered state of mind or mind alteration, is any condition which is significantly different from a normal waking state. |
| dysarthria |  | | Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder resulting from neurological injury of the motor component of the motor–speech system[1] and is characterized by poor articulation of phonemes |
| dysdiadochokinesia |  | | Dysdiadochokinesia (DDK) is the medical term for an impaired ability to perform rapid, alternating movements (i.e., diadochokinesia). Complete inability is called adiadochokinesia. |
| dysgraphia |  | | (Dysgraphia is a deficiency in the ability to write, primarily handwriting, but also coherence |
| hallucination | | | A hallucination is a perception in the absence of external stimulus that has qualities of real perceptions. |
| headache |  | | |
| hypokinetic movement disorder: | | | |
| akinesia |  | | Hypokinesia is one of the classifications of movement disorders, and refers to decreased bodily movement |
| bradykinesia |  | | |
| hyperkinetic movement disorder: | | | |
| akathisia |  | | Akathisia is a movement disorder[5] characterized by a subjective feeling of inner restlessness accompanied by mental distress and an inability to sit still. |
| athetosis |  | | Athetosis is a symptom characterized by slow, involuntary, convoluted, writhing movements of the fingers, hands, toes, and feet and in some cases, arms, legs, neck and tongue |
| ballismus |  | | Hemiballismus is a rare hyperkinetic movement disorder,that is characterized by violent involuntary limb movements,on one side of the body |
| blepharospasm | | | Blepharospasm is any abnormal contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle. |
| chorea |  | | Chorea (or choreia, occasionally) is an abnormal involuntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias. |
| dystonia |  | | Dystonia is a neurological hyperkinetic movement disorder syndrome in which sustained or repetitive muscle contractions result in twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal fixed postures. The movements may resemble a tremor. |
| fasiculation |  | | A fasciculation, or muscle twitch, is a spontaneous, involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation, involving fine muscle fibers |
| musclecramps |  | | A cramp is a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction or overshortening; while generally temporary and non-damaging, they can cause significant pain and a paralysis-like immobility of the affected muscle |
| myoclonus |  | | Myoclonus is a brief, involuntary, irregular (lacking rhythm) twitching (different from clonus, which is rhythmic/ regular) of a muscle or a group of muscles. |
| opsoclonus | | | Opsoclonus refers to uncontrolled, irregular, and nonrhythmic eye movement. Opsoclonus consists of rapid, involuntary, multivectorial (horizontal and vertical), unpredictable, conjugate fast eye movements without inter-saccadic intervals |
| tics |  | | A tic is a sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization involving discrete muscle groups |
| tremor |  | | A tremor is an involuntary,[1] somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving oscillations or twitching movements of one or more body parts. It is the most common of all involuntary movements |
| flapping tremor | | | |
| insomina |  | | Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder in which people have trouble sleeping.[1] They may have difficulty falling asleep, or staying asleep as long as desired |
| Lhermitte's sign (as if an electrical sensation shoots down back & into arms) | | | |
| loss of consciousness |  | | |
| syncope (medicine) (R55) | | | Syncope, commonly known as fainting, is a loss of consciousness and muscle strength characterized by a fast onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery |
| neck stiffness |  | | Neck stiffness, stiff neck and nuchal rigidity are terms often used interchangeably to describe the medical condition when one experiences discomfort or pain when trying to turn, move, or flex the neck. |
| opisthotonus | | | Opisthotonus or opisthotonos (from Ancient Greek: ὄπισθεν, romanized: opisthen, lit. 'behind' and τόνος, tonos, 'tension') is a state of severe hyperextension and spasticity in which an individual's head, neck and spinal column enter into a complete bridging or arching position |
| paralysis and paresis |  | | In medicine, paresis (/pəˈriːsɪs, ˈpærəsɪs/) is a condition typified by a weakness of voluntary movement, or by partial loss of voluntary movement or by impaired movement. |
| paralysis |  | | Paralysis (also known as plegia) is a loss of motor function in one or more muscles. Paralysis can be accompanied by a loss of feeling (sensory loss) in the affected area if there is sensory damage as well as motor |
| paraesthesia |  | | Paresthesia is an abnormal sensation of the skin (tingling, pricking, chilling, burning, numbness) with no apparent physical cause |
| prosopagnosia |  | | Prosopagnosia (from Greek prósōpon, meaning face, and agnōsía, meaning non-knowledge), also called face blindness,[2] is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one's own face (self-recognition), is impaired, |
| somnolence |  | | Somnolence (alternatively sleepiness or drowsiness) is a state of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (compare hypersomnia). |
| OBSTETRIC / GYNECOLOGICAL | | | |
| abnormal vaginal bleeding | | | |
| vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy / miscarriage | | | |
| vaginal bleeding in late pregnancy | | | |
| amenorrhea |  | | |
| infertility |  | | |
| painful intercourse | | | |
| pelvic pain | | | |
| vaginal discharge | | | |
| OCULAR | | | |
| amaurosis fugax (G45.3) and amaurosis | | | |
| blurred vision |  | | |
| Dalrymple's sign | | | |
| double vision (H53.2) |  | | |
| exophthalmos (H05.2) | | | |
| mydriasis/miosis (H570) | | | |
| nystagmus | | | |
| PSYCHIATRIC | | | |
| amusia | | | Amusia is a musical disorder that appears mainly as a defect in processing pitch but also encompasses musical memory and recognition |
| anhedonia |  | | Anhedonia is a diverse array of deficits in hedonic function, including reduced motivation or ability to experience pleasure |
| anxiety | | | Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination |
| apathy | | | Apathy is a lack of feeling, emotion, interest, or concern about something. It is a state of indifference, or the suppression of emotions such as concern, excitement, motivation, or passion. |
| confabulation | | | In psychology, confabulation is a memory error defined as the production of fabricated, distorted, or misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world. People who confabulate present incorrect memories ranging from subtle alterations to bizarre fabrications |
| depression | | | Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity |
| delusion | | | A delusion is a fixed belief that is not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence |
| euphoria | | | Euphoria ( /juːˈfɔːriə/ (About this soundlisten)) is the experience (or affect) of pleasure or excitement and intense feelings of well-being and happiness. |
| homicidal ideation | | | |
| irritability | | | Irritability is the excitatory ability that living organisms have to respond to changes in their environment. The term is used for both the physiological reaction to stimuli and for the pathological, abnormal or excessive sensitivity to stimul |
| mania | | | Mania, also known as manic syndrome, is a mental and behavioral disorder defined as a state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level, or a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together with lability of affect. |
| paranoid ideation | | | |
| phobia | | | |
| suicidal ideation | | | |
| PULMONARY | | | |
| apnea |  | | |
| hypopnea | | | |
| cough (R05) | | | |
| dyspnea (R06.0) |  | | |
| bradypnea (R06.0) |  | | |
| tachypnea (R06.0) |  | | |
| orthopnea |  | | |
| platypnea | | | |
| trepopnea | | | |
| hemoptysis (R04.2) | | | |
| pleuritic chest pain | | | |
| sputum production (R09.3) | | | |
| RHEUMATOLOGIC | | | |
| arthralgia |  | | |
| back pain |  | | |
| sciatica | | | |
| UROLOGIC | | | |
| dysuria (R30.0) | | | |
| hematospermia | | | |
| hematuria (R31) | | | |
| impotence (N48.4) | | | |
| polyuria (R35) | | | |
| retrograde ejaculation | | | |
| strangury | | | |
| urethral discharge | | | |
| urinary frequency (R35) | | | |
| urinary incontinence (R32) | | | |
| urinary retention | | | |
Discussion