CHROMOSOMAL STRUCTURE

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Single Element called as
- जीवग्रंथ सूत्र , जीवपुस्तक सूत्र ( chromosome = book )
  - PARTS
    - GROSS PARTS
      - जीवग्रंथ भाग ( chromatid)
        
        सहोदरी / स्वासृ जीवग्रंथ ( sister chromatids )
        
        called as P arm and Q arm
      - Centromeres
        
        present at primary constriction
        
        several hundred kilobase of repetitive DNA
      - Secondary constriction
        
        nucleolar organizer region
        
        if it is present distal it is called
        
        satellite
      - Telomeres
        
        3-20 kilobase in length
      - middle parts or Segmental Part or a sequence called
        
        ( जीवशब्द सूत्र (gene))
        
        protein-coding ( introns )
        
        non-protein coding ( exons )
        
        Analogical pair present on other chromosome
        
        अपरजीवशब्द , पराजीवशब्द ( ALLELE )( allele )
        
        उत्परिवर्तन (mutations )
        
        dominant ( प्रभावी )
        
        sex-linked
        
        autosomal dominant
        
        recessive ( अप्रभावी )
        
        sex linked
        
        autosomal recessive
        
        जीवशब्द स्थल ( LOCUS )( locus )
    - MICROSCOPIC PARTS
      - जीवध्याय सूत्र का मुड़ना
      - DNA / RNA ( जीवध्याय सूत्र )
  - प्रकार ( types )
    - acrocentric
    - telocentric
    - acentric
    - submetacentric
    - metacentric
    - ring
    - गुणों का वाहक (carriers of hereditary characters)

zero level
- जीवक्षराणु (nucleobase) , जीवक्षराणु (nucleobase)
  - adenine , guanine , cytosine , thymine , uracil
First level is alphabets
- जीवक्षर ( nucleotide ) , जीवक्षर ( nucleotide )
second level is words
- जीवशब्द सूत्र ( GENE ) , जीवशब्द सूत्र ( GENE )
  - जीवशब्द स्थल ( LOCUS )
- अपरजीवशब्द ( ALLELE )
third level is sentences
- बहुलजीवक्षर सूत्र / महाशब्द शूत्र / जीव वाक्यसूत्र ( polynucleotide chain ) ,
fourth level is paragraph
fifth level is chapter
- जीवध्याय सूत्र ( DNA ) , गुणसूत्र ( DNA )
- स्मृतिसूत्र ( RNA )
sixth level is book
- जीवग्रंथ सूत्र , जीवपुस्तक सूत्र ( chromosome )