breast

• extent of base
  • vertically from 2nd to 6 th ribs
  • horizontally from lateral border of sternum to midaxillary line
• structure of breast
  • skin
    • conical projection called nipple
      • pierced by lactiferous ducts
      • contains circular and longitudinal smooth muscle
      • few modified sweat and sebaceous gland
      • rich in nerve supply
    • skin surrounding base of nipple
      • called as areola
      • rich in sebaceous glands
      • become enlarged during pregnancy and lactation to form
        • tubercles of montgomery
      • devoid of hair
  • parenchyma called as mammary gland
    • it is a compound tubuloalveolar gland
      • secretes milk
    • lies in superficial fascia with no capsule
    • modified sweat gland
    • each lobe is a cluster of alveoli
      • drained by lactiferous duct
  • stroma
    • forms supporting framework of gland
      • partly fibrous and partly fatty
    • fibrous stroma forms septa
      • suspensory ligaments of cooper
• nerve supply
  • 4 to 6 th intercostal nerve branches
    • anterior and lateral cutaneous branches
  • secretion is controlled by hormone prolactin
    • secreted by pars anterior of hypophysis cerebri
• development of breast
  • ectodermal ridge called
    • mammary ridge
• situation
  • divided in to 4 quadrants
  • upper medial
  • upper lateral
    • extension called as
      • axillary tail of spence
        • passes through
          • foramen of langer
  • lower medial
  • lower lateral
• deep relations
  • breast lies of deep fascia covering pectoralis major
  • deeper there are 3 muscles
    • pectoralis major
    • serratus anterior
    • external oblique
  • retromammary space
    • loose areolar tissue between
      • pectoral fascia and breast
• blood supply
  • branches of axillary artery
    • superior thoracic
    • lateral thoracic artery
    • acromiothoracic
  • branch of subclavian artery
    • internal thoracic artery
  • lateral branches of posterior intercostal artery
• lymphatic drainage
  • lymph nodes
  • lymphatic vessels
• histology of breast
  • resting phase
  • lactating phase