ABDOMINAL WALL

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Abdominal wall
- Anterior Abdominal wall
  - Skin
    - linea albicans
    - umbilicus
      - watershed
        
        lymphatic and venous drainage
      - portocaval anastomosis
        
        caput medusa
  - Superficial Fascia
    - below umbilicus
      - superficial fatty layer ( fascia of camper )
        
        in penis it is devoid of fat
        
        in scrotum replaced by dartos muscle
      - deep membranous layer ( fascia of scarpa )
        
        continuous with superficial fascia of perineum
        
        colle's fascia
        
        prevents urine from ruptured urethra
        
        attached to
        
        holdens line
        
        pubic tubercle
        
        body of pubis
        
        median plane it is thickened to
        
        suspensory and fundiform ligament of penis and clitoris
        
        contains
        
        cutaneous nerve
        
        lower 5 intercostal nerves
        
        lower six thoracic nerves
        
        first lumbar nerve
        
        anterior cutaneous nerves
        
        subcostal nerve
        
        iliohypogastric nerve
        
        t7-t12
        
        cutaneous vessels
        
        anterior cutaneous artery
        
        superficial inguinal vein drains in to
        
        great saphenous vein
        
        deep vessels
        
        superior epigastric and musculophrenic
        
        inferior epigastric
        
        cremasteric branch to spermatic cord
        
        pubic branch
        
        deep circumflex iliac
    - fascia transversalis
      - anteriorly -
      - posteriorly -
      - superiorly
      - inferiorly
  - muscles
    - external oblique
    - internal oblique
    - transversus abdominis
    - rectus abdominis
    - Actions
      - support for abdominal viscera
        
        against gravity
      - expulsive acts
        
        micturition , defecation , parturition , vomiting
      - forceful expiratory acts
        
        coughing , sneezing , blowing , shouting
      - movements of trunk
        
        flexion
        
        lateral flexion
        
        rotation
  - ligaments
    - inguinal ligament or poupart's ligament
  - cremaster muscle and conjoint tendon
    - conjoint tendon or falx inguinalis
      - formed by fusion of aponeurotic fibres of
        
        internal oblique and transversus muscles
    - cremaster muscle
      - action
        
        to suspend testis and elevate it
      - cremasteric reflex
        
        reflex contraction upon stroking
      - supplied by genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
  - pyramidalis muscle
  - RECTUS SHEATH
    - anterior wall
      - complete
    - posterior wall
      - incomplete
    - laterally anterior and posterior wall extend
      - linea semilunaris
    - fusion in midline
      - linea alba
    - THREE DIFFERENCES
      - above costal margin
        
        anterior wall - external oblique aponeurosis
        
        posterior wall -
        
        deficient - directly on 5th , 6th and 7th costal cartilage
      - between costal margin and arcuate line
        
        anterior wall
        
        posterior wall
      - below arcuate line
        
        anterior wall
        
        aponeurosis of all 3 muscles
        
        posterior wall - on fascia transversalis
    - CONTENT
      - rectus abdominis muscle
      - pyramidalis
      - vessels
        
        superior and inferior epigastric artery and vein
  - INGUINAL REGION (LATERAL ILIAC REGIONS)
- Posterior Abdominal wall