No:840 - iatrogenic (iatro- + Gr. gennan to produce) resulting from the activity of physicians. Originally applied to disorders induced in the patient by autosuggestion based on the physician's examination, manner, or discussion, the term is now applied to any adverse condition in a patient occurring as the result of treatment by a physician or surgeon, especially to infections acquired by the patient during the course of treatment. Cf. nosocomial.
No:841 - ichthyosis (ichthy- + -osis) a group of cutaneous disorders characterized by increased or aberrant keratinization, resulting in noninflammatory scaling of the skin. Many different metaphors have been used to describe the appearance and texture of the skin in the various types and stages of ichthyosis, e.g. alligator, collodion, crocodile, fish, and porcupine skin. Most ichthyoses are genetically determined, while some may be acquired and develop in association with various systemic diseases or be a prominent feature in certain genetic syndromes. The term is commonly used alone to refer to i. vulgaris.
No:842 - icterus (L.; Gr. ikteros) jaundice.
No:843 - identical having the same cause or origin.
No:844 - identification an unconscious defense mechanism by which a person patterns himself after another person.
No:845 - idiopathic of the nature of an idiopathy; self-originated; of unknown causation.
No:846 - idiosyncrasy (idio- + Gr. synkrasis mixture) an abnormal susceptibility to some drug, protein, or other agent which is peculiar to the individual.
No:847 - ileitis inflammation of the ileum.
No:848 - ileus (L.; Gr. eileos, from eilein to roll up) obstruction of the intestines.
No:849 - immaturity the state or quality of being unripe or not fully developed.
No:850 - immobilization the act of rendering immovable, as by a cast or splint.
No:851 - immune (L. immunis free, exempt) protected against, infectious disease by either specific or nonspecific mechanisms.
No:852 - immunity (L. immunitas) the condition of being immune; the protection against infectious disease conferred either by the immune response generated by immunization or previous infection or by other nonimmunologic factors (innate i.).
No:853 - immunization the induction of immunity.
No:854 - immunogenic producing immunity; evoking an immune response.
No:855 - immunologic, immunological pertaining to immunology.
No:856 - immunosuppressant an agent capable of suppressing immune responses.
No:857 - impetigo a contagious pyoderma caused by direct inoculation of group A streptococci or Staphylococcus aureus into superficial cutaneous abrasions or compromised skin, most commonly seen in children, usually located on the face, especially about the nose and mouth, and characterized by the presence of discrete fragile vesicles surrounded by an erythematous border that become pustular and rupture to discharge a thin, amber-coloured seropurulent fluid that dries and forms a thick yellowish crust; the pustules may spread peripherally with central healing, evolving into annular, circinate, or gyrate patterns; Called also i. contagiosa, i. vulgaris and streptococcal i.
No:858 - implantation (L. in into + plantare to set) the insertion or grafting into the body of biological, living, inert, or radioactive material.
No:859 - implication a possible later effect of an action.
No:860 - impotentia impotence; inability.
No:861 - impregnation (L. impregnatio) 1. the act of fecundation or of rendering pregnant. 2. the process or act of saturation; a saturated condition.
No:862 - inactive not active.
No:863 - inadequate 1. not adequate of sufficient; inept of unsuitable. 2. Psychiatry, ineffectual in response to emotional, social, intellectual, and physical demands in the absence of any obvious mental or physical deficiency.
No:864 - incarceration (L. incarceration-, incarceratio, Fr. L. incarceratus + -ion-, -io, -ion) abnormal retention or confinement of a body part; specifically : a constriction of the neck of a hernial sac so that the hernial contents become irreducible.
No:865 - incidence 1a. an act or the fact or manner of falling upon or affecting. 1b. rate, range, or amount of occurrence or influence.
No:866 - incidental 1. small and relatively unimportant, minor; 2. accompanying, but not a major part of something; 3. (to something) liable to occur because of something or in connection with something (said of risks, responsibilities, …)
No:867 - incision 1. cleft, cut, gash. 2. an act or action of incising.
No:868 - incisive 1. having the power or quality of cutting. 2. pertaining to the incisor teeth.
No:869 - inclusive including something, including much or all.
No:870 - incompatible (L. incompatibilis) not suitable for combination or simultaneous administration; mutually repellent.
No:871 - incompetence (L. in not + competens sufficient) physical or mental inadequacy or insufficiency.
No:872 - incontinence (L. incontinentia) inability to control excretory functions, as defecation (faecal i.) or urination (urinary i.).
No:873 - incorporation (L. in into + corpus body) 1. the union of one substance with another, or with others, in a composite mass. 2. in psychoanalytic theory, a primitive unconscious defense mechanism in which aspects of another person are assimilated into the self through a figurative process of symbolic oral ingestion.
No:874 - incubation (L. incubatio) the development of an infectious disease from the entrance of the pathogen to the appearance of clinical symptoms.
No:875 - indicate 1. to show the probable presence of existence or nature or course of : give fair evidence of : be a fairly certain sign or symptom of (…). 2. to demonstrate or suggest the probable necessity or advisability.
No:876 - indication (L. indicatio) a sign or circumstance which points to or shows the cause, pathology, treatment, or issue of an attack of disease; that which points out; that which serves as a guide or warning.
No:877 - indicative that indicates; that points out more or less exactly; that reveals fairly clearly.
No:878 - indirect (L. indirectus) 1. not immediate or straight. 2. acting through an intermediary agent.
No:879 - individual marked by a distinctness and a complexity within a unity that characterizes organized things, concepts, organic beings and persons.
No:880 - induction (L. inductio) the act or process of inducing or causing to occur, especially the production of a specific morphogenetic effect in the developing embryo through the influence of evocators or organizers, or the production of anaesthesia or unconsciousness by use of appropriate agents.
No:881 - induration (L. induratio) 1. the quality of being hard; the process of hardening. 2. an abnormally hard spot or place.
No:882 - inertia inactivity, inability to move spontaneously.
No:883 - infantile (L. infantilis) pertaining to an infant or to infancy.
No:884 - infarction (L. infarcire to stuff in) 1. the formation of an infarct. 2. an infarct.
No:885 - infaust (L. infaustus unlucky) unfavourable.
No:886 - infection 1. invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. an infectious disease.
No:887 - infiltration (L. in into + filtration) the diffusion or accumulation in a tissue or cells of substances not normal to it or in amounts of the normal. Also, the material so accumulated.
No:888 - inflammation (L. inflammatio; inflammare to set on fire) a localized protective response elicited by injury or destruction of tissues, which serves to destroy, dilute, or wall off (sequester) both the injurious agent and the injured tissue. It is characterized in the acute form by the classical signs of pain (dolour), heat (colour), redness (rubor), swelling (tumour), and loss of function (functio laesa). Histologically, it involves a complex series of events, including dilatation of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, with increased permeability and blood flow; exudation of fluids, including plasma proteins; and leucocytic migration into the inflammatory focus.
No:889 - influenza (Ital. 'influenza') an acute viral infection involving the respiratory tract, occurring in isolated cases, in epidemics, or in pandemics striking many continents simultaneously or in sequence. It is marked by inflammation of the nasal mucosa, the pharynx, and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized myalgia. Fever, chills, and prostration are common. Involvement of the myocardium and of the central nervous system occur infrequently. A necrotizing bronchitis and interstitial pneumonia are prominent features of severe influenza and account for the susceptibility of patients to secondary bacterial pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The incubation period is one to three days and the disease ordinarily lasts for three to ten days. Influenza is caused by a number of serologically distinct strains of virus, designated A (with many subgroups), B, and C. Called also flu and grippe (grip).
No:890 - infuse to pour (a liquid) into something.
No:891 - infusion the therapeutic introduction of a fluid other than blood, as saline solution, solution, into a vein.
No:892 - ingestion the act of taking food, medicines, etc., into the body, by mouth.
No:893 - inguinal (L. inguinalis) pertaining to the inguen, or groin.
No:894 - inhalation (L. inhalatio) the drawing of air or other substances into the lungs.
No:895 - inherent (L. inhaerens sticking fast) implanted by nature; intrinsic; innate.
No:896 - inhibition (L. inhibre to restrain, from in in + habre to hold) arrest or restraint of a process.
No:897 - initial (L. initialis from initium beginning) pertaining to the very first stage of any process.
No:898 - injection (L. injectio, from inicere to throw into) the act of forcing a liquid into a part, as into the subcutaneous tissues, the vascular tree, or an organ. Cf. infusion.
No:899 - innervation (L. in into + nervus nerve) 1. the distribution or supply of nerves to a part. 2. the supply of nervous energy or of nerve stimulus sent to a part.
No:900 - inoperable not suitable to be operated upon.
No:901 - inorganic (in- not + organic) pertaining to substances not of organic origin.
No:902 - inotropic (ino- + Gr. trepein to turn or influence) affecting the force or energy of muscular contractions.
No:903 - insertion (L. inserere to join to) 1. the place of attachment, as of a muscle to the bone which it moves. 2. in genetics, a rare nonreciprocal translocation (q.v.) involving three breaks in which a segment is removed from one chromosome and then inserted into a broken region of a nonhomologous chromosome.
No:904 - in situ in the natural or normal place; confined to the site of origin without invasion of neighbouring tissues.
No:905 - insomnia (L. in not + somnus sleep + -ia) inability to sleep; abnormal wakefulness.
No:906 - inspiration (L. inspirare, from in in + spirare to breathe) the act of drawing air into the lungs.
No:907 - instability the quality or state of being unstable.
No:908 - instillation (L. instillatio, from in into + stillare to drop).
No:909 - instruction the act of furnishing with authoritative directions.
No:910 - insufficiency (L. insufficientia, from in not + sufficiens sufficient) the condition of being insufficient or inadequate to the performance of the allotted duty.
No:911 - insult (L. insultus attack) injury or trauma; attack.
No:912 - intact of a living body or its parts : physically and functionally complete : having no relevant component removed or destroyed.
No:913 - integrity 1. quality of being honest and morally upright; 2. condition of being whole or undivided (a nation's integrity, the integrity of the patient).
No:914 - integumentary pertaining to or composed of skin.
No:915 - intelligence (L. intelligere to understand) the ability to comprehend or understand.
No:916 - intensity (L. intensus intense; in on + tendere to stretch) the condition or quality of being intense; a high degree of tension, activity, or energy.
No:917 - intention tremor a tremor which arises or which is intensified when a voluntary, coordinated movement is attempted.
No:918 - interaction the quality, state, or process of (two or more things) acting on each other.
No:919 - intercostal (inter- ++ L. costa rib) situated between the ribs.
No:920 - interference (inter- + L. ferire to strike) opposition or hampering of an action or procedure.
No:921 - interindividual occurring between two or more individuals.
No:922 - intermediary (inter- + L. medius middle) 1. performed or occurring in a median stage; neither early nor late; intermediate. 2. an intermediate stage.
No:923 - intermittent (L. intermittens; inter between + mittere to send) occurring at separated intervals; having periods of cessation of activity.
No:924 - internal (L. internus) situated or occurring within or on the inside; many anatomical structures formerly called internal are now correctly termed medial.
No:925 - interpretation in psychotherapy, the therapist's explanation of the latent or hidden meanings of what the patient says, does, or experiences, in terms which are understandable to him.
No:926 - interstitial (L. interstitialis; inter between + sistere to set) pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue.
No:927 - intertrigo (inter- + L. terere to rub) a superficial dermatitis occurring on apposed skin surfaces, such as the axillae, creases of the neck, intergluteal fold, groin, between the toes, and beneath pendulous breasts, with obesity being a predisposing factor, caused by moisture, friction, warmth, and sweat retention, and characterized by erythema, maceration, burning, itching, and sometimes erosions, fissures, and exudations and secondary infections. Called also eczema intertrigo.
No:928 - interval (inter- + vallum rampart) the space between two objects or parts; the lapse of time between two recurrences or paroxysms.
No:929 - intervention the act or fact of interfering so as to modify.
No:930 - intervertebral (inter- + vertebra) situated between two contiguous vertebrae.
No:931 - intestinal (L. intestinalis) pertaining to the intestine.
No:932 - intolerance (L. in not + tolerare to bear) inability to withstand; sensitivity, as to a drug.
No:933 - intoxication (L. in intensive + Gr. toxikon poison) poisoning, the state of being poisoned.
No:934 - intraindividual being or occurring within the individual.
No:935 - intramuscular (intra- + L. musculus muscle) within the substance of a muscle.
No:936 - intraocular within the eye.
No:937 - intrathecal within a sheath.
No:938 - intravascular (intra- + L. vasculum vessel) within a vessel or vessels.
No:939 - intravenous within a vein or veins.
No:940 - intrinsic (L. intrinsecus, situated on the inside) situated entirely within or pertaining exclusively to a part.
No:941 - intubation (L. in into + tuba tube) the insertion of a tube into a body canal or hollow organ, as into the trachea or stomach.
No:942 - invalidate to weaken or make valueless : to discredit.
No:943 - invasive 1. having the quality of invasiveness. 2. involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques.
No:944 - invert sugar subjected to chemical inversion : inverted.
No:945 - in vitro within a glass; observable in a test tube; in an artificial environment.
No:946 - in vivo within the living body.
No:947 - involution (L. involutio; in into + volvere to roll) 1. a rolling or turning inward. 2. one of the movements involved in the gastrulation of many animals. 3. a retrograde change of the entire body or in a particular organ, as the retrograde changes in the female genital organs that result in normal size after delivery. 4. the progressive degeneration occurring naturally with advancing age, resulting in shrivelling of organs or tissues.
No:948 - ionization 1. any process by which a neutral atom gains or loses electrons, thus acquiring a net charge, as the dissociation of a substance in solution into ions or ion production by the passage of radioactive particles. 2. iontophoresis.
No:949 - ionogram the result of ionography.
No:950 - iridocyclitis (irido- + cyclitis) inflammation of the iris and of the ciliary body; anterior uveitis.
No:951 - iritis (iris + -itis) inflammation of the iris, usually marked by pain, congestion in the ciliary region, photophobia, contraction of the pupil, and discoloration of the iris.
No:952 - irreversible incapable of being reversed.
No:953 - irrigation (L. irrigatio, in into + rigare to carry water) washing by a stream of water or other fluid.
No:954 - irritation (L. irritatio) a state of overexcitation and undue sensitivity.
No:955 - ischemia (Gr. ischein to suppress + haima blood + -ia) deficiency of blood in a part, due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel.
No:956 - isolate to separate from other persons, materials, or objects.
No:957 - isotonic (iso- + Gr. tonos tone) a biological term denoting a solution in which body cells can be bathed without a net flow of water across the semipermeable cell membrane. Also, denoting a solution having the same tonicity as some other solution with which it is compared, such as physiologic salt solution and the blood serum.