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HYPOTHALAMUS
- HYPOTHALAMUS
- situation
- below thalamus
- boundaries or relations
- anteriorly
- lamina terminalis
- posteriorly
- subthalamus
- inferiorly
- structures in floor of third ventricle
- superiorly
- thalamus
- laterally
- internal capsule
- medially
- cavity of third ventricle
- extent
- divided in to two lateral halves by
- third ventricle
- Zones
- from the point of reference i.e., anterior column of fornix
- medial zone
- thin subependymal or periventricular zone
- thicker intermediate zone
- lateral zone
- Anteroposterior regions
- preoptic region
- preoptic nucleus
- regulates release of gonadotropic hormones
- supraoptic region
- functionally
- supraoptic nucleus
- paraventricular nucleus
- both
- produce antidiuretic hormone
- connections with neurohypophysis
- fibers arising from this nuclei
- through hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
- project in to posterior lobe of pitutary gland
- synthesize hormones
- vasopressin and oxytocin
- transported through axons
- terminating on the capillaries in neurohypophysis
- hormones are transported
- anterior nucleus
- regulates body temperature by dissipation of heat
- stimulates parasympathetic nervous system
- tuberal region
- arcuate or infundibular nucleus
- produces hypothalamic releasing factors
- types
- releasing hormones
- ACTH
- FSH
- LH
- TSH
- GH
- release inhibiting hormones
- MSH
- LTH ( Luteotropic hormone)
- transported though
- tubero-infundibular tract
- to median eminence
- from here they go through
- hypothalamo hypophyseal portal system
- to secretory cells of anterior lobe
- ventromedial nucleus
- satiety centre
- stimulation inhibits the urge to eat
- dorsomedial nucleus
- stimulation
- causes obesity
- savage behaviour
- mamillary region
- posterior nucleus
- regulates body temperature by conservation of heat
- stimulate sympathetic nervous system
- mamillary nuclei
- receives input from hippocompal formation through fornix
- lateral nucleus
- stimulation induces eating
- Master / Controller of
- connections
- afferent
- fornix
- stria terminalis
- medial forebrain bundle
- direct physical and chemical receptors
- thalamohypothalamic
- pallidohypothalamic
- subthalamohypothalamic
- Efferent
- mamillothalamic tract
- mamillotegmental tract
| 911 | Hypothalamus | Hypothalamus | ||
| 912 | Area hypothalamica rostralis | Anterior hypothalamic area; anterior hypothalamic region | ||
| 913 | Nucleus anterior hypothalami | Anterior hypothalamic nucleus | ||
| 914 | Nucleus periventricularis ventralis | Anterior periventricular nucleus | ||
| 915 | Nuclei interstitiales hypothalami anterioris | Interstitial nuclei of anterior hypothalamus | ||
| 916 | Nucleus preopticus lateralis | Lateral preoptic nucleus | ||
| 917 | Nucleus preoptic medialis | Medial preoptic nucleus | ||
| 918 | Nucleus preopticus medianus | Median preoptic nucleus | ||
| 919 | Nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami | Paraventricular nucleus | ||
| 920 | Nucleus preopticus periventricularis | Periventricular preoptic nucleus | ||
| 921 | Nucleus suprachiasmaticus | Suprachiasmatic nucleus | ||
| 922 | Nucleus supraopticus | Supra-optic nucleus | ||
| 923 | Pars dorsolateralis | Dorsolateral part | ||
| 924 | Pars dorsomedialis | Dorsomedial part | ||
| 925 | Pars ventromedialis | Ventromedial part | ||
| 926 | Area hypothalamica dorsalis | Dorsal hypothalamic area; dorsal hypothalamic region | ||
| 927 | Nucleus dorsomedialis | Dorsomedial nucleus | ||
| 928 | Nucleus endopeduncularis | Endopeduncular nucleus | ||
| 929 | Nucleus ansae lenticularis | Nucleus of ansa lenticularis | ||
| 930 | Area hypothalamica intermedia | Intermediate hypothalamic area; intermediate hypothalamic region | ||
| 931 | Nucleus dorsalis hypothalami | Dorsal nucleus | ||
| 932 | Nucleus dorsomedialis | Dorsomedial nucleus | ||
| 933 | Nucleus arcuatus; nucleus semilunaris; nucleus infundibularis | Arcuate nucleus; infundibular nucleus | ||
| 934 | Nucleus periventricularis | Periventricular nucleus | ||
| 935 | Nucleus periventricularis posterior | Posterior periventricular nucleus | ||
| 936 | Area retrochiasmatica | Retrochiasmatic area; retrochiasmatic region | ||
| 937 | Nuclei tuberales laterales | Lateral tuberal nuclei | ||
| 938 | Nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami | Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus | ||
| 939 | Area hypothalamica lateralis | Lateral hypothalamic area | ||
| 940 | Area preoptica | Preoptic area | ||
| 941 | Nuclei tuberales laterales | Lateral tuberal nuclei | ||
| 942 | Nucleus perifornicalis | Perifornical nucleus | ||
| 943 | Nucleus tuberomammillaris | Tuberomammillary nucleus | ||
| 944 | Area hypothalamica posterior | Posterior hypothalamic area; posterior hypothalamic region | ||
| 945 | Nucleus premammillaris dorsalis | Dorsal premammillary nucleus | ||
| 946 | Nucleus mammillaris lateralis | Lateral nucleus of mammillary body | ||
| 947 | Nucleus mammillaris medialis | Medial nucleus of mammillary body | ||
| 948 | Nucleus supramammillaris | Supramammillary nucleus | ||
| 949 | Nucleus premammillaris ventralis | Ventral premammillary nucleus | ||
| 950 | Nucleus posterior hypothalami | Posterior nucleus of hypothalamus | ||
| 951 | Organum vasculosum laminae terminalis | Vascular organ of lamina terminalis | ||
| 952 | Zonae hypothalamicae | Zones of hypothalamus | ||
| 953 | Zona periventricularis | Periventricular zone | ||
| 954 | Zona medialis | Medial zone | ||
| 955 | Zona lateralis | Lateral zone | ||
| 956 | Neurohypophysis | Neurohypophysis | ||
| 957 | Substantia alba hypothalami | White substance of hypothalamus | ||
| 958 | Fasciculus longitudinalis posterior; fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis Schütz | Posterior longitudinal fasciculus; dorsal longitudinal fasciculus Schütz | ||
| 959 | Commissura supraoptica dorsalis Ganser-Meynert | Dorsal supra-optic commissure Ganser-Meynert | ||
| 960 | Fibrae striae terminalis | Fibres of stria terminalis | ||
| 961 | Fornix | Fornix | ||
| 962 | Tractus hypothalamohypophysialis | Hypothalamohypophysial tract | ||
| 963 | Fibrae paraventriculohypophysiales | Paraventricular fibres | ||
| 964 | Fibrae supraopticohypophysiales | Supra-optic fibres | ||
| 965 | Fasciculus mammillotegmentalis Gudden | Mammillotegmental fasciculus Gudden | ||
| 966 | Fasciculus mammillothalamicus | Mammillothalamic fasciculus | ||
| 967 | Fasciculus medialis telencephali | Medial forebrain bundle | ||
| 968 | Tractus paraventriculohypophysialis | Paraventriculohypophysial tract | ||
| 969 | Fibrae periventriculares | Periventricular fibres | ||
| 970 | Tractus supraopticohypophysialis | Supra-opticohypophysial tract | ||
| 971 | Commissura supraoptica ventralis Gudden | Ventral supra-optic commissure Gudden | ||
| 972 | Tractus retinohypothalamicus | Retinohypothalamic tract |
Discussion