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| en:basal_ganglia [2023/06/23 09:40] – brahmantra | en:basal_ganglia [] () – - () 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| - | ====== Basal ganglia | ||
| - | * BASAL GANGLIA | ||
| - | * Situation | ||
| - | * lateral to thalamus | ||
| - | * Parts | ||
| - | * divided by a band of nerve fibers internal capsule in to | ||
| - | * Caudate nucleus (neostriatum / striatum) | ||
| - | * Lentiform nucleus | ||
| - | * dark lateral part | ||
| - | * putamen ( neostriatum / striatum) | ||
| - | * medial paler part | ||
| - | * globus pallidus | ||
| - | * Anteroinferior ends of these nuclei | ||
| - | * remain connected by a few bands of grey matter | ||
| - | * across anterior limb of internal capsule | ||
| - | * these bands give it a striated appearance | ||
| - | * corpus striatum | ||
| - | * Detailed Parts | ||
| - | * Caudate nucleus | ||
| - | * shape | ||
| - | * comma shaped mass of grey matter | ||
| - | * Round anterior part in front of interventricular foramen is called | ||
| - | * head | ||
| - | * large and rounded | ||
| - | * forms floor and lateral wall of anterior horn of lateral ventricle | ||
| - | * bands of grey matter connect it to putamen | ||
| - | * across anterior limb of internal capsule | ||
| - | * middle part | ||
| - | * head tapers in to body | ||
| - | * long and narrow | ||
| - | * forms floor of central part of lateral ventricle | ||
| - | * separated from thalamus by | ||
| - | * stria terminalis and thalamostriate vein | ||
| - | * posterior | ||
| - | * tail | ||
| - | * merges at its anterior extremity with almond shaped mas of grey matter | ||
| - | * amygdaloid body | ||
| - | * long and slender | ||
| - | * forms roof of inferior horn of lateral ventricle | ||
| - | * situation and extent | ||
| - | * surrounds thalamus | ||
| - | * itself is surrounded by lateral ventricle | ||
| - | * Lentiform nucleus | ||
| - | * shape | ||
| - | * lens shaped ( biconvex) mass of grey matter | ||
| - | * situation | ||
| - | * beneath insula | ||
| - | * forming lateral boundary of internal capsule | ||
| - | * 3 surfaces | ||
| - | * lateral surface | ||
| - | * convex | ||
| - | * related to thin sheet of white matter | ||
| - | * external capsule | ||
| - | * grooved by | ||
| - | * lateral striate arteries ( central branches of middle cerebral artery) | ||
| - | * medial surface | ||
| - | * more convex | ||
| - | * related to internal capsule ( limbs and genu ) | ||
| - | * inferior surface | ||
| - | * related to sub lentiform part of internal capsule | ||
| - | * lies close to anterior perforated substance | ||
| - | * parts | ||
| - | * a vertical plate of white matter ( external medullary lamina ) divides it in to | ||
| - | * putamen | ||
| - | * globus pallidus | ||
| - | * smaller medial part | ||
| - | * lighter in colour | ||
| - | * consists large motor cells | ||
| - | * also called pallidum | ||
| - | * further subdivided by internal medullary lamina in to | ||
| - | * outer part or externa | ||
| - | * inner part or interna | ||
| - | * Connections of corpus striatum | ||
| - | * Afferent connections | ||
| - | * Corticostriate fibers | ||
| - | * Thalamostriate fibers | ||
| - | * Nigrostriate Fibers | ||
| - | * Efferent connections | ||
| - | * Globus pallidus is the main efferent component | ||
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| - | * Dorsal pallidum ( dorsal ballplate ) | ||
| - | * Ventral pallidum ( ventral ball plate ) | ||
| - | * Caudate nucleus ( ) | ||
| - | * Substantia nigra ( black substance ) | ||
| - | * corpus striatum | ||
| - | * lentiform nucleus ( lens shaped nucleus ) | ||
| - | * putamen | ||
| - | * paleostriatum ( old striped body | ||
| - | * Neostriatum ( new striped | ||
| - | * amygdaloid body ( almond body ) | ||
| - | * claustrum | ||
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| - | | 1198 | | Pars basalis telencephali | Basal forebrain | | | ||
| - | | 1199 | | Corpus amygdaloideum | Amygdaloid body; amygdaloid complex | | | ||
| - | | 1200 | | Area amygdaloclaustralis | Amygdaloclaustral area | | | ||
| - | | 1201 | | Area parahippocampalis | Amygdalohippocampal area | | | ||
| - | | 1202 | | Area transitionis amygdalopiriformis | Amygdalopiriform transition area | | | ||
| - | | 1203 | | Area amygdaloidea anterior | Anterior amygdaloid area | | | ||
| - | | 1204 | | Nucleus amygdalae basalis lateralis | Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus | | | ||
| - | | 1205 | | Nucleus amygdalae basalis medialis | Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus | | | ||
| - | | 1206 | | Nucleus amygdalae centralis | Central amygdaloid nucleus | | | ||
| - | | 1207 | | Nucleus amygdalae corticalis | Cortical amygdaloid nucleus | | | ||
| - | | 1208 | | Nucleus amygdalae interstitialis | Interstitial amygdaloid nucleus | | | ||
| - | | 1209 | | Nucleus amygdalae lateralis | Lateral amygdaloid nucleus | | | ||
| - | | 1210 | | Nucleus amygdalae medialis | Medial amygdaloid nucleus | | | ||
| - | | 1211 | | Nucleus tractus olfactorii lateralis | Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract | | | ||
| - | | 1212 | | Cortex periamygdaloideus | Periamygdaloid cortex | | | ||
| - | | 1213 | | Nucleus olfactorius anterior | Anterior olfactory nucleus | | | ||
| - | | 1214 | | Substantia basalis | Basal substance | | | ||
| - | | 1215 | | Nucleus basalis [[Meynert]] | Basal nucleus [[Meynert]] | | | ||
| - | | 1216 | | Nucleus striae terminalis | Bed nucleus of stria terminalis | | | ||
| - | | 1217 | | Pars sublenticularis amygdalae | Sublenticular extended amygdala | | | ||
| - | | 1218 | | Claustrum | Claustrum | | | ||
| - | | 1219 | | Stria diagonalis [[Broca]] | Diagonal band [[Broca]] | | | ||
| - | | 1220 | | Crus horizontale | Horizontal limb | | | ||
| - | | 1221 | | Crus verticale | Vertical limb | | | ||
| - | | 1222 | | Nucleus striae diagonalis | Nucleus of diagonal band | | | ||
| - | | 1223 | | Substantia innominata | Innominate substance | | | ||
| - | | 1224 | | Fasciculus peduncularis | Fasciculus peduncularis | | | ||
| - | | 1225 | | Insulae olfactoriae | Olfactory islets | | | ||
| - | | 1226 | | Bulbus olfactorius | Olfactory bulb | | | ||
| - | | 1227 | | Pedunculus olfactorius | Olfactory peduncle | | | ||
| - | | 1228 | | Tractus olfactorius | Olfactory tract | | | ||
| - | | 1229 | | Trigonum olfactorium | Olfactory trigone | | | ||
| - | | 1230 | | Tuberculum olfactorium | Olfactory tubercle | | | ||
| - | | 1231 | | Striae olfactoriae | Olfactory striae | | | ||
| - | | 1232 | | Stria olfactoria medialis | Medial stria | | | ||
| - | | 1233 | | Stria olfactoria lateralis | Lateral stria | | | ||
| - | | 1234 | | Substantia perforata anterior; substantia perforata rostralis | Anterior perforated substance | | | ||
| - | | 1235 | | Pallidum ventrale | Ventral pallidum | | | ||
| - | | 1236 | | Striatum ventrale; corpus striatum ventrale | Ventral striatum | | | ||
| - | | 1237 | | Nucleus accumbens | Nucleus accumbens | | | ||
| - | | 1238 | | Pars lateralis | Lateral part; core region | | | ||
| - | | 1239 | | Pars medialis | Medial part; shell region | | | ||
| - | | 1240 | | Ansa peduncularis | Peduncular loop | | | ||
| - | | 1241 | | Area septalis | Septal area | | | ||
| - | | 1242 | | Nucleus septalis dorsalis | Dorsal septal nucleus | | | ||
| - | | 1243 | | Nucleus septalis lateralis | Lateral septal nucleus | | | ||
| - | | 1244 | | Nucleus septalis medialis | Medial septal nucleus | | | ||
| - | | 1245 | | Nucleus septofimbrialis | Septofimbrial nucleus | | | ||
| - | | 1246 | | Nucleus triangularis septi | Triangular nucleus of septum | | | ||
| - | | 1247 | | Organum subfornicale | Subfornical organ | | | ||
| - | | 1248 | | Nuclei basales | Basal nuclei | | | ||
| - | | 1249 | | Nucleus caudatus | Caudate nucleus | | | ||
| - | | 1250 | | Caput | Head | | | ||
| - | | 1251 | | Corpus | Body | | | ||
| - | | 1252 | | Cauda | Tail | | | ||
| - | | 1253 | | Nucleus lentiformis | Lentiform nucleus; lenticular nucleus | | | ||
| - | | 1254 | | Putamen | Putamen | | | ||
| - | | 1255 | | Lamina medullaris lateralis; lamina medullaris externa | Lateral medullary lamina; external medullary lamina | | | ||
| - | | 1256 | | Globus pallidus lateralis | Globus pallidus lateral segment; globus pallidus external segment | | | ||
| - | | 1257 | | Lamina medullaris medialis; lamina medullaris interna | Medial medullary lamina; internal medullary lamina | | | ||
| - | | 1258 | | Globus pallidus medialis | Globus pallidus medial segment; globus pallidus internal segment | | | ||
| - | | 1259 | | Pars lateralis | Lateral part | | | ||
| - | | 1260 | | Lamina medullaris accessoria | Accessory medullary lamina | | | ||
| - | | 1261 | | Pars medialis | Medial part | | | ||
| - | | 1262 | | Corpus striatum | Corpus striatum | | | ||
| - | | 1263 | | Striatum | Striatum; | ||
| - | | 1264 | | Striatum dorsale | Dorsal striatum | | | ||
| - | | 1265 | | Striatum ventrale; corpus striatum ventrale | Ventral striatum | | | ||
| - | | 1266 | | Pallidum | Pallidum; | ||
| - | | 1267 | | Pallidum dorsale | Dorsal pallidum | | | ||
| - | | 1268 | | Pallidum ventrale | Ventral pallidum | | | ||
| - | | 1269 | | Ansa lenticularis | Ansa lenticularis | | | ||
| - | | 1270 | | Fasciculus lenticularis | Lenticular fasciculus | | | ||
| - | | 1271 | | Fasciculus subthalamicus | Subthalamic fasciculus | | | ||
| - | | 1272 | | Fasciculus thalamicus | Thalamic fasciculus | | | ||