| No:737 - habitual | of the nature of a habit; according to habit; established by or repeated by force of habit, customary. | |
| No:738 - haematemesis | (haemat- + Gr. emesis vomiting) the vomiting of blood. | |
| No:739 - haematoma | (haemato- + -oma) a localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue, due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel. | |
| No:740 - haematuria | (haemat- + Gr. ouron urine + -ia) blood in the urine. | |
| No:741 - haemeralopia | (Gr. hmera day + alaos blind + -opia) day blindness; defective vision in a bright light. | |
| No:742 - haemodialysis | the removal of certain elements from the blood by virtue of the difference in the rates of their diffusion through a semipermeable membrane, e.g., by means of a haemodialyzer. | |
| No:743 - haemolysis | (haemo- + Gr. lysis dissolution) disruption of the integrity of the red cell membrane causing release of haemoglobin. Haemolysis may be caused by bacterial haemolysins, by antibodies that cause complement-dependent lysis, by placing red cells in a hyptonic solution, or by defects in the red cell membrane. | |
| No:744 - haemopathy | (haemo- + Gr. pathos disease) any disease of the blood. | |
| No:745 - haemoperfusion | 1. the act of pouring over or through, especially the passage of blood through the vessels of a specific organ. 2. blood poured over or through an organ or tissue. | |
| No:746 - haemophilia | (haemo- + -philia) a haemorrhagic diathesis occurring in two main forms : (1) haemophilia A (classic haemophilia, factor VIII deficiency), an X-linked disorder due to deficiency of coagulation factor VIII; (2) haemophilia B (factor IX deficiency, Christmas disease), also X-linked, due to deficiency of coagulation factor IX. Both forms are determined by a mutant gene near the telomere of the long arm of the X chromosome (Xq), but a different loci, and are characterized by subcutaneous and intramuscular haemorrhages; bleeding from the mouth, gums, lips, and tongue; haematuria; and haemarthroses. | |
| No:747 - haemopoietic | haematopoietic; pertaining to or effecting the formation of blood cells. | |
| No:748 - haemoptysis | (haemo- + Gr. ptyein to spit) the expectoration of blood or of blood-stained sputum. | |
| No:749 - haemorrhage | (haemo- + Gr. rhgnynai to burst forth) the escape of blood from the vessels; bleeding. Small haemorrhages are classified according to size as petechiae (very small), purpura (up to 1 cm), and ecchymoses (larger). The massive accumulation of blood within a tissue is called a haematoma. | |
| No:750 - haemorrhoid | (Gr. haimorrhois) a varicose dilatation of a vein of the superior or inferior haemorrhoidal plexus, resulting from a persistent increase in venous pressure. | |
| No:751 - haemostasis | (haemo- + Gr. stasis halt) the arrest of bleeding, either by the physiological properties of vasoconstriction and coagulation or by surgical means. | |
| No:752 - hallucination | (L. hallucinatio; Gr. alyein to wander in the mind) a sense perception without a source in the external world; a perception of an external stimulus object in the absence of such an object. | |
| No:753 - haematological | relating to haematology, that is that branch of medical science which treats of the morphology of the blood and blood-forming tissues. | |
| No:754 - hemiplegia | (haemi- + Gr. plg stroke) paralysis of one side of the body. | |
| No:755 - hepatic | (L. hepaticus; Gr. hpatikos) pertaining to the liver. | |
| No:756 - hepatitis | (hepat- + -itis) inflammation of the liver. | |
| No:757 - hepatobiliary | pertaining to the liver and the bile or the biliary ducts. | |
| No:758 - hepatocellular | pertaining to or affecting liver cells. | |
| No:759 - hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver. | |
| No:760 - hepatotoxic | toxic to liver cells. | |
| No:761 - heredity | (L. hereditas) 1. the genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. the genetic constitution of an individual. | |
| No:762 - hermetic | (L. hermeticus) impervious to air; airtight. | |
| No:763 - hernia | (he protrusion of a loop or knuckle of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening. | |
| No:764 - progenitalis | a group of acute infections causes by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2, characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane, and occurring as a primary infection or recurring because of reactivation of a latent infection. Type 1 infections usually involve nongenital regions of the body, whereas in type 2 infections the lesions are primarily seen on the genital and surrounding areas. Precipitating factors include fever, exposure to cold temperature or to ultraviolet rays, sunburn, cutaneous or mucosal abrasions, emotional stress, and nerve injury. | |
| No:765 - herpes | (L.; Gr. herps, a spreading cutaneous eruption, from herpein to creep) any inflammatory skin disease caused by a herpesvirus and characterized by the formation of clusters of small vesicles. When used alone, the term may refer to herpes simplex or to herpes zoster. | |
| No:766 - hirsutism | abnormal hairiness, especially an adult male pattern of hair distribution in women. Cf. hypertrichosis. | |
| No:767 - histologic, histological | pertaining to histology. | |
| No:768 - homeostasis | (homeo- + Gr. stasis standing) a tendency to stability in the normal body states (internal environment) of the organism. It is achieved by a system of control mechanisms activated by negative feedback; e.g. a high level of carbon dioxide in extracellular fluid triggers increased pulmonary ventilation, which in turn causes a decrease in carbon dioxide concentration. | |
| No:769 - homogeneous | (homo- + Gr. genos kind) consisting of or composed of similar elements or ingredients; of a uniform quality throughout. | |
| No:770 - homologous | (Gr. homologos agreeing, correspondent) corresponding in structure, position, origin, etc., as (a) the feathers of a bird and the scales of a fish, (b) antigen and its specific antibody, © allelic chromosomes. Cf. analogous. | |
| No:771 - hormonal | pertaining to or of the nature of a hormone. | |
| No:772 - hospitalization | the confinement of a patient in a hospital, or the period of such confinement. | |
| No:773 - humeral | 1. of, relating to, or situated in the region of the humerus : brachial. 2. of or belonging to the shoulder. 3. of, relating to, or being any of several body parts that are analogous in structure, function, or location to the humerus or shoulder. | |
| No:774 - humeroscapular | humero- com form : humeral and < humerodorsal >. Scapular : of or relating to the shoulder or the scapula. | |
| No:775 - humoral | of, relating to, proceeding from, or involving a bodily humour - now often used of endocrine factors as opposed to neural or somatic. | |
| No:776 - humour | 1. a normal functioning fluid or semifluid of the body (as the blood, lymph or bile) especially of vertebrates. 2. a secretion that is itself an excitant of activity (as certain hormones). | |
| No:777 - hydration | the condition of being combined with water. | |
| No:778 - hydroalcoholic | (hydr- + alcohol + -ic) of or relating to water and alcohol. | |
| No:779 - hydrocephalus | (hydro- + Gr. kephal head) a condition marked by dilatation of the cerebral ventricles, most often occurring secondarily to obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid pathways, and accompanied by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the skull; the fluid is usually under increased pressure, but occasionally may be normal or nearly so. It is typically characterized by enlargement of the head, prominence of the forehead, brain atrophy, mental deterioration, and convulsions; may be congenital or acquired; and may be of sudden onset (acute h.) or be slowly progressive (chronic or primary b.). | |
| No:780 - hydrolysis | (hydro- + Gr. lysis dissolution) the splitting of a compound into fragments by the addition of water, the hydroxyl group being incorporated in one fragment, and the hydrogen atom in the other. | |
| No:781 - hydrophilic | readily absorbing moisture; hygroscopic; having strongly polar groups that readily interact with water. | |
| No:782 - hydrophobic | not readily absorbing water, or being adversely affected by water, as a hydrophobic colloid. | |
| No:783 - hydroxylation | hydroxylate, to introduce hydroxyl into (a compound or radical) usually by replacement of hydrogen. | |
| No:784 - hygienic | pertaining to hygiene, or conducive to health. | |
| No:785 - hyperaemia | (hyper + Gr. haima blood + -ia) an excess of blood in a part; engorgement. | |
| No:786 - hyperaesthesia | (hyper- + Gr. aisthsis sensation + -ia) increased sensitivity to stimulation. | |
| No:787 - hyperaldosteronism | aldosteronism. | |
| No:788 - hyperalgesia | (hyper- + Gr. algsis pain) excessive sensitiveness or sensibility to pain. | |
| No:789 - hyperbaric | (hyper- + Gr. baros weight) characterized by greater than normal pressure or weight; applied to gases under greater than atmospheric pressure, as hyperbaric oxygen, or to a solution of greater specific gravity than another taken as a standard of reference. | |
| No:790 - hypercapnia | (hyper + Gr. kapnos smoke) excess of carbon dioxide in the blood. | |
| No:791 - hyperemesis | excessive vomiting. | |
| No:792 - hyperglycaemia | (hyper- + Gr. glykys sweet +haima blood + -ia) abnormally increased content of sugar in the blood. | |
| No:793 - hyperhidrosis | (hyper- + Gr. hidrosis sweating) excessive perspiration. Called also hyperidrosis, polyhidrosis, and polyidrosis. | |
| No:794 - hyperkalaemia | Pathology: an abnormally high concentration of potassium in the blood. | |
| No:795 - hyperkeratosis | 1. hypertrophy of the corneous layer of the skin. 2a. any of various conditions marked by hyperkeratosis. 2b. a disease of cattle marked by thickening and wringling of the hide and formation of papillary outgrowths on the buccal mucous membranes, often accompanied by watery discharge from eyes and nose, diarrhoea, loss of condition, and abortion of pregnant animals, and now believed to result from ingestion of the chlorinated naphthalene of various lubricating oils. | |
| No:796 - hyperkinesia | (hyper- + Gr. kinsis motion + -ia) abnormally increased motor function or activity; hyperactivity. | |
| No:797 - hyperlipidaemia | (hyper- + lipid + -emia) a general term for elevated concentrations of any or all of the lipids in the plasma, including hyperlipoproteinaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, etc. | |
| No:798 - hyperostosis | (hyper- + Gr. osteon bone + -osis) hypertrophy of bone; exostosis. | |
| No:799 - hyperplasia | (hyper- + Gr. plasis formation) the abnormal multiplication or increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in a tissue. Cf. hypertrophy. | |
| No:800 - hyperpyrexia | exceptionally high fever either in comparison of the fever usually accompanying a particular disease or absolutely (as in heat stroke). | |
| No:801 - hyperreflexia | (hyper- + reflex + -ia) exaggeration of reflexes. | |
| No:802 - hypersecretion | excessive secretion. | |
| No:803 - hypersensitivity | a state of altered reactivity in which the body reacts with an exaggerated immune response to a foreign substance. Hypersensitivity reactions are classified as immediate or delayed, types I and IV, respectively, in the Gell and Coombs classification (q.v.) of immune responses. | |
| No:804 - hyperstimulation | excessive stimulation. | |
| No:805 - hypertension | (hyper- + tension) persistently high arterial blood pressure. Various criteria for its threshold have been suggested, ranging from 140 mm. Hg systolic and 90 mm. Hg diastolic to as high as 200 mm. Hg systolic and 110 mm. Hg diastolic. Hypertension may have no known cause (essential or idiopathic h.) or be associated with other primary diseases (secondary h.). | |
| No:806 - hyperthermia | (hyper- + Gr. therm heat + -ia) abnormally high body temperature, especially that induced for therapeutic purposes. | |
| No:807 - hyperthyroidism | 1. excessive functional activity of the thyroid gland. 2. the abnormal condition resulting from hyperthyroidism marked by increased metabolic rate, enlargement of the thyroid gland, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, and various secondary symptoms. | |
| No:808 - hypertonia | or hypertony n, pl. hypertonias or hypertonies : hypertonicity. n. Pathology: increased rigidity, tension and spasticity of the muscles. | |
| No:809 - hypertrichosis | (hyper + Gr. thrix hair + -osis) excessive growth of the hair. Called also polytrichia and polytrichosis. Cf. hirsutism. | |
| No:810 - hypertrophy | (hyper- + Gr. troph) nutrition) the enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part due to an increase in size of its constituent cells. Cf. hyperplasia. | |
| No:811 - hyperuricaemia | excess of uric acid or urates in the blood; it is a prerequisite for the development or gout and may lead to renal disease. Called also uricacidaemia and, formerly, lithemia. | |
| No:812 - hyperventilation | a state in which there is an increased amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli (increased alveolar ventilation), resulting in reduction of carbon dioxide tension and eventually leading to alkalosis. | |
| No:813 - hypervitaminosis | a condition due to ingestion of an excess of one or more vitamins; called also supervitaminosis. | |
| No:814 - hypervolaemia | (hyper- + volume + Gr. haima blood + -ia) abnormal increase in the volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in the body. | |
| No:815 - hypnotic | (Gr. hypnotikos) a drug that acts to induce sleep. | |
| No:816 - hypoacusis or hypacusis | (hypo- Gr. akousis hearing) slightly diminished auditory sensitivity, with hearing threshold levels above the normal limit so that the impairment is measurable in decibels. | |
| No:817 - hypochondriasis | (so called because it was supposed by the ancients to be due to disturbed function of the organs of the upper abdomen) (DSM III-R) a mental disorder characterized by a preoccupation with bodily functions and the interpretation of normal sensations (such as heart beats, sweating, peristaltic action, and bowel movements) or minor abnormalities (such as a runny nose, minor aches and pains, or slightly swollen lymph nodes) as indications of highly disturbing problems needing medical attention. Negative results of diagnostic evaluations and reassurance by physicians only increase the patient's anxious concern about his health, and the patient continues to seek medical attention. Called also hypochondriacal neurosis. | |
| No:818 - hypodermic | (hypo- + Gr. derma skin) applied or administered beneath the skin. | |
| No:819 - hypoglycaemia | (hypo- + Gr. glykys sweet + haima blood + -ia) an abnormally diminished concentration of glucose in the blood, which may lead to tremulousness, cold sweat, piloerection, hypothermia, and headache, accompanied by irritability, confusion, hallucinations, bizarre behaviour, and ultimately, convulsions and coma. | |
| No:820 - hypogonadism | a condition resulting from or characterized by abnormally decreased functional activity of the gonads, with retardation of growth and sexual development. | |
| No:821 - hypokalaemia | abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood; it may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhoea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. | |
| No:822 - hypomania | (hypo- + Gr. mania madness) an abnormality of mood resembling mania (persistent elevated or expansive mood, hyperactivity, inflated self-esteem, etc.) but of lesser intensity. | |
| No:823 - hypophyseal | hypophysial. | |
| No:824 - hypoplasia | (hypo- + Gr. plasis formation + -ia) incomplete development or underdevelopment of an organ or tissue. | |
| No:825 - hypotension | abnormally low blood pressure; seen in shock but not necessarily indicative of it. | |
| No:826 - hypotensive | characterized by or causing diminished tension or pressure, as abnormally low blood pressure. | |
| No:827 - hypothalamic | of or involving the hypothalamus. | |
| No:828 - hypothermia | (hypo- + Gr. therm heat + -ia) a low body temperature, as that due to exposure in cold weather or a state of low temperature of the body induced as a means of decreasing metabolism of tissues and thereby the need for oxygen, as used in various surgical procedures, especially on the heart, or in an excised organ being preserved for transplantation. | |
| No:829 - hypothesis | a supposition that appears to explain a group of phenomena and is advanced as a basis for further investigation; a proposition that is subject to proof or to an experimental or statistical test. | |
| No:830 - hypothyroidism | deficiency of thyroid activity. In adults, it is most common in women and is characterized by decrease in basal metabolic rate, tiredness and lethargy, sensitivity to cold, and menstrual disturbances. If untreated, it progresses to full-blown myxoedema. In infants, severe hypothyroidism leads to cretinism. In juveniles, the manifestations are intermediate, with less severe mental and developmental retardation and only mild symptoms of the adult form. When due to pituitary deficiency of thyrotropin secretion it is called secondary hypothyroidism. | |
| No:831 - hypotonia | (hypo- + Gr. tonos tone + -ia) a condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles; diminished resistance of muscles to passive stretching. | |
| No:832 - hypotrophy | (hypo- + Gr. troph nutrition) abiotrophy. | |
| No:833 - hypouricaemia | deficiency of uric acid in the blood, along with xanthinuria, due to deficiency of xanthine oxidase, the enzyme required for conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid. | |
| No:834 - hypoventilation | a state in which there is a reduced amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli. | |
| No:835 - hypovitaminosis | a condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. | |
| No:836 - hypovolaemia | (hypo- + volume + Gr. haima blood + -ia) abnormally decreased volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in the body. | |
| No:837 - hypoxemia | (hypo- + oxygen + Gr. haima blood + -ia) deficient oxygenation of the blood; hypoxia. | |
| No:838 - hypoxia | reduction of oxygen supply to tissue below physiological levels despite adequate perfusion of the tissue by blood. Cf. anoxia. | |
| No:839 - hysterectomy | (hystero- + Gr. ektom excision) the operation of excising the uterus, performed either through the abdominal wall (abdominal h.) or through the vagina (vaginal h.) |
