PONS

PONS
- EXTERNAL FEATURES
  - VENTRAL ( ANTERIOR SURFACE )
    - convex in both directions
    - Transversely striated by ponto-cerebellar fibres
    - Median plane divided by a groove
      - basilar sulcus
        
        lodges basilar artery
    - trigeminal nerve attached to this surface by two roots
      - large sensory root
      - small motor root
    - BORDERS
      - Rostrally
        
        junction between midbrain and pons by dissappearing cerebral peduncles in pons
      - caudally
        
        junction of medulla and pons or pontomedullary junction marked by
        
        shallow groove
        
        in this groove medial to lateral
        
        abducent , facial , nervus intermedius , vestibulocochlear
      - laterally junctions of
        
        middle cerebellar peduncle and anterior surface
  - DORSAL ( POSTERIOR SURFACE )
    - covered by cerebellum
      - separated from it by cavity of fourth ventricle
    - shape
      - triangular
      - forms upper part of floor of fourth ventricle
      - borders
        
        superior border
        
        cerebral peduncles
        
        inferior border
        
        upper end of medulla continuous
  - INTERNAL STRUCTURE
    - VENTRAL OR BASILAR PART
      - Longitudinal fibers
        
        corticopontine fibers
        
        relay in ipsilateral pontine nuclei
        
        corticonuclear fibers
        
        terminate in contralateral ( some ipsilateral) motor nuclei of cranial nerves
        
        corticospinal fibers
        
        converge toward lower part of pons
        
        pyramids of medulla
      - transverse fibers
        
        arise from pontine nuclei
        
        cross to opposite side to form
        
        middle cerebellar peduncle
        
        pontocerebellar fibers
      - pontine nuclei
        
        cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway
        
        connects
        
        cerebebral cortex of one side to cerebellar hemisphere of opposite side
    - DORSAL OR TEGMENTAL PART
      - ascending fibers
      - descending fibers
    - grey matter
      - trigeminal nucleus (V) , facial (VII) , Abducent (VI) , Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
    - lower or closed part of dorsal surface of pons
      - upper triangular part of Floor or fourth ventricle
      - longitudinal divisions
        
        dorsal median sulcus
        
        divides it in to equal halves
        
        sulcus limitans divides it in to
        
        depression at cranial end in sulcus limitans
        
        superior fovea
        
        median eminence medially
        
        upper part is locus ceruleus
        
        bluish in colour
        
        pigmented neurons
        
        substantia ferruginea
        
        help in paradoxical sleep
        
        rich in noradrenaline
        
        facial colliculus
        
        deep to it is genu of facial nerve
        
        formed by looping around abducent nucleus
        
        laterally vestibular area
        
        wider above
        
        narrow below
      - junction of pons and medulla
        
        stria medullares
    - SECTIONS
      - Transverse section at the upper ( cranial ) level of pons
        
        boundaries
        
        dorsolaterally by
        
        superior cerebellar peduncle
        
        roof
        
        superior medullary velum
        
        grey matter
        
        motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
        
        sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve
        
        rostrally continuous with mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
        
        caudally with spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
        
        white mater
        
        four lemnisci
        
        medial lemniscus
        
        lateral lemniscus
        
        trigeminal lemniscus
        
        spinal lemniscus
      - Transverse section at the lower ( caudal ) part of pons ( passes through facial colliculus)
        
        Grey matter
        
        Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
        
        vestibular area
        
        vestibular nuclei
        
        cochlear nuclei
        
        Abducent (VI) nucleus
        
        facial (VII) colliculus
        
        facial nerve
        
        facial nucleus
        
        spinal nucleus
        
        superior and inferior salivatory and lacrimatory
        
        white matter
        
        medially from posterior to anterior
        
        medial longitudinal bundle
        
        tectospinal tract
        
        rubrospinal tract
        
        medial lemniscus
        
        more laterally
        
        spinal lemniscus
        
        spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
        
        decussation of transversly running fibres
        
        trapezoid body
        
        arising from cochlear nuclei of both sides

PONS
- Medullopontine sulcus
- Basilar sulcus
- Middle cerebellar peduncle
- Cerebellopontine angle
- Frenulum veli
- Superior cerebellar peduncle
- Superior medullary velum
Basilar part of pons
- White substance
  - Longitudinal pontine fibres
    - Corticospinal fibres
    - Pontine corticonuclear fibres
    - Corticoreticular fibres
    - Corticopontine fibres
    - Tectopontine fibres
  - Transverse pontine fibres
    - Pontocerebellar fibres
- Grey substance
  - Pontine nuclei
    - Anterior nucleus; ventral nucleus
    - Lateral nucleus
    - Median nucleus
    - Paramedian nucleus
    - Peduncular nucleus; peripeduncular nucleus
    - Posterior nucleus; dorsal nucleus
    - Posterolateral nucleus; dorsolateral nucleus
    - Posteromedial nucleus; dorsomedial nucleus
    - Reticulotegmental nucleus Bechterew
    - Tegmentum of pons
- White substance
  - Raphe of pons
  - Medial longitudinal fasciculus
  - Posterior longitudinal fasciculus; dorsal longitudinal fasciculus Schütz
  - Medial lemniscus
  - Tectospinal tract
  - Pretecto-olivary fibres
  - Tecto-olivary fibres
  - Tectoreticular fibres
  - Spinal lemniscus; anterolateral tracts; anterolateral system
    - Spinothalamic fibres
    - Spinoreticular fibres
    - Spinomesencephalic fibres
      - Spinotectal fibres
      - Spinoperiaqueductal fibres
    - Spinohypothalamic fibres
    - Spinobulbar fibres
      - Spino-olivary fibres
  - Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
  - Trigeminal lemniscus; trigeminothalamic tract
  - Anterior trigeminothalamic tract; ventral trigeminothalamic tract
  - Posterior trigeminothalamic tract; dorsal trigeminothalamic tract
  - Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve
  - Genu of facial nerve
  - Trapezoid body
  - Olivocochlear tract
  - Lateral lemniscus
  - Medullary striae of fourth ventricle
  - Anterior acoustic stria; ventral acoustic stria
  - Intermediate acoustic striae
  - Posterior acoustic stria; dorsal acoustic stria
  - Anterior pontoreticulospinal tract; ventral pontoreticulospinal tract
  - Anterior spinocerebellar tract; ventral spinocerebellar tract Gowers
  - Auditory commissure of pons
  - Central tegmental tract
  - Rubro-olivary fibres
  - Anulo-olivary fibres
  - Cerebello-olivary fibres
- Hypothalamospinal tract
- Interstitiospinal tract
- Rubropontine tract
- Rubrospinal tract Monakow
- Tectobulbar tract
- Tectopontine tract
- Grey substance
  - Raphe nuclei
  - Reticular formation
  - Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
  - Oral subnucleus
  - Principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve
  - Posteromedial nucleus; dorsomedial nucleus
  - Anterolateral nucleus; ventrolateral nucleus
  - Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
  - Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
  - Nucleus of abducens nerve
  - Motor nucleus of facial nerve
  - Superior salivatory nucleus
  - Lacrimal nucleus
  - Superior olivary nucleus; superior olivary complex
  - Lateral superior olivary nucleus
  - Medial superior olivary nucleus
  - Peri-olivary nuclei
  - Medial nuclei
  - Lateral nuclei
  - Nuclei of trapezoid body
  - Anterior nucleus of trapezoid body; ventral nucleus of trapezoid body
  - Lateral nucleus of trapezoid body
  - Medial nucleus of trapezoid body
  - Vestibular nuclei
  - Medial vestibular nucleus Schwalbe
  - Lateral vestibular nucleus Deiters
  - Parvocellular part
  - Superior vestibular nucleus
  - Cochlear nuclei
  - Nuclei of lateral lemniscus
  - Posterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus; dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus
  - Intermediate nucleus of lateral lemniscus
  - Anterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus; ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus
  - Anterior tegmental nucleus; ventral tegmental nucleus
  - Caerulean nucleus
  - Subcaerulean nucleus
  - Interstitial nuclei of medial longitudinal fasciculus
  - Parabrachial nuclei
  - Subparabrachial nucleus Kölliker-Fuse
  - Lateral parabrachial nucleus
  - Lateral part; lateral subnucleus
  - Medial part; medial subnucleus
  - Posterior part; dorsal part; posterior subnucleus; dorsal subnucleus
  - Anterior part; ventral part; anterior subnucleus; ventral subnucleus
  - Medial parabrachial nucleus
  - Medial part; medial subnucleus
  - Lateral part; lateral subnucleus
  - Posterior tegmental nucleus; dorsal tegmental nucleus Gudden
  - Supralemniscal nucleus
  - Reticular nuclei
  - Caudal pontine reticular nucleus
  - Oral pontine reticular nucleus
  - Paralemniscal nucleus
  - Paramedian reticular nucleus
  - Reticulotegmental nucleus Bechterew
  - Raphe nuclei
  - Magnus raphe nucleus
  - Pontine raphe nucleus
  - Median raphe nucleus; superior central nucleus
  - Posterior raphe nucleus; dorsal raphe nucleus
- Fourth ventricle
  - Rhomboid fossa; floor of fourth ventricle
    - Median sulcus
    - Medial eminence
    - Facial colliculus
    - Locus caeruleus
    - Medullary striae of fourth ventricle
    - Hypoglossal trigone; trigone of hypoglossal nerve
    - Vagal trigone; trigone of vagus nerve
    - Vestibular area
    - Funiculus separans
    - Grey line; taenia cinerea
  - Roof of fourth ventricle
    - Fastigium
    - Choroid plexus
    - Choroid membrane
    - Lateral recess
      - Lateral aperture Luschkae
    - Superior medullary velum
      - Frenulum of superior medullary vellum
    - Inferior medullary vellum
    - Median aperture Magendii
    - Area postrema
    - Obex
  - Sulcus limitans
  - Superior fovea
  - Inferior fovea

TERMINOLOGY

369	PONS	PONS
370	Sulcus bulbopontinus	Medullopontine sulcus
371	Sulcus basilaris	Basilar sulcus
372	Pedunculus cerebellaris medius	Middle cerebellar peduncle
373	Angulus pontocerebellaris	Cerebellopontine angle
374	Frenulum veli	Frenulum veli
375	Pedunculus cerebellaris superior	Superior cerebellar peduncle
376	Velum medullare superius	Superior medullary velum
377	Pars basilaris pontis	Basilar part of pons
378	Substantia alba	White substance
379	Fibrae pontis longitudinales	Longitudinal pontine fibres
380	Fibrae corticospinales	Corticospinal fibres
381	Fibrae corticonucleares pontis	Pontine corticonuclear fibres
382	Fibrae corticoreticulares	Corticoreticular fibres
383	Fibrae corticopontinae	Corticopontine fibres
384	Fibrae tectopontinae	Tectopontine fibres
385	Fibrae pontis transversae	Transverse pontine fibres
386	Fibrae pontocerebellares	Pontocerebellar fibres
387	Substantia grisea	Grey substance
388	Nuclei pontis	Pontine nuclei
389	Nucleus anterior	Anterior nucleus; ventral nucleus
390	Nucleus lateralis	Lateral nucleus
391	Nucleus medianus	Median nucleus
392	Nucleus paramedianus	Paramedian nucleus
393	Nucleus peduncularis	Peduncular nucleus; peripeduncular nucleus
394	Nucleus posterior	Posterior nucleus; dorsal nucleus
395	Nucleus posterior lateralis	Posterolateral nucleus; dorsolateral nucleus
396	Nucleus posterior medialis	Posteromedial nucleus; dorsomedial nucleus
397	Nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis Bechterew	Reticulotegmental nucleus Bechterew
398	Tegmentum pontis	Tegmentum of pons
399	Substantia alba	White substance
400	Raphe pontis	Raphe of pons
401	Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis	Medial longitudinal fasciculus
402	Fasciculus longitudinalis posterior; fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis Schütz	Posterior longitudinal fasciculus; dorsal longitudinal fasciculus Schütz
403	Lemniscus medialis	Medial lemniscus
404	Tractus tectospinalis	Tectospinal tract
405	Fibrae pretectoolivares	Pretecto-olivary fibres
406	Fibrae tectoolivares	Tecto-olivary fibres
407	Fibrae tectoreticulares	Tectoreticular fibres
408	Lemniscus spinalis; tractus anterolaterales	Spinal lemniscus; anterolateral tracts; anterolateral system
409	Fibrae spinothalamicae	Spinothalamic fibres
410	Fibrae spinoreticulares	Spinoreticular fibres
411	Fibrae spinomesencephalicae	Spinomesencephalic fibres
412	Fibrae spinotectales	Spinotectal fibres
413	Fibrae spinoperiaqueductales	Spinoperiaqueductal fibres
414	Fibrae spinohypothalamicae	Spinohypothalamic fibres
415	Fibrae spinobulbares	Spinobulbar fibres
416	Fibrae spinoolivares	Spino-olivary fibres
417	Tractus spinalis nervi trigemini	Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
418	Lemniscus trigeminalis; tractus trigeminothalamicus	Trigeminal lemniscus; trigeminothalamic tract
419	Tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior	Anterior trigeminothalamic tract; ventral trigeminothalamic tract
420	Tractus trigeminothalamicus posterior	Posterior trigeminothalamic tract; dorsal trigeminothalamic tract
421	Tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini	Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve
422	Genu nervi facialis	Genu of facial nerve
423	Corpus trapezoideum	Trapezoid body
424	Tractus olivocochlearis	Olivocochlear tract
425	Lemniscus lateralis	Lateral lemniscus
426	Striae medullares ventriculi quarti	Medullary striae of fourth ventricle
427	Stria cochlearis anterior	Anterior acoustic stria; ventral acoustic stria
428	Stria cochlearis intermedia	Intermediate acoustic striae
429	Stria cochlearis posterior	Posterior acoustic stria; dorsal acoustic stria
430	Tractus pontoreticulospinalis anterior	Anterior pontoreticulospinal tract; ventral pontoreticulospinal tract
431	Tractus spinocerebellaris anterior Gowers	Anterior spinocerebellar tract; ventral spinocerebellar tract Gowers
432	Commissura cochlearis pontis	Auditory commissure of pons
433	Tractus tegmentalis centralis	Central tegmental tract
434	Fibrae rubroolivares	Rubro-olivary fibres
435	Fibrae anuloolivares	Anulo-olivary fibres
436	Fibrae cerebelloolivares	Cerebello-olivary fibres
437	Tractus hypothalamospinalis	Hypothalamospinal tract
438	Tractus interstitiospinalis	Interstitiospinal tract
439	Tractus rubropontinus	Rubropontine tract
440	Tractus rubrospinalis Monakow	Rubrospinal tract Monakow
441	Tractus tectobulbaris	Tectobulbar tract
442	Tractus tectopontinus	Tectopontine tract
443	Substantia grisea	Grey substance
444	Nuclei raphes	Raphe nuclei
445	Formatio reticularis	Reticular formation
446	Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini	Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
447	Subnucleus oralis	Oral subnucleus
448	Nucleus principalis nervi trigemini	Principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve
449	Nucleus posteromedialis	Posteromedial nucleus; dorsomedial nucleus
450	Nucleus anterolateralis	Anterolateral nucleus; ventrolateral nucleus
451	Nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini	Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
452	Nucleus motorius nervi trigemini	Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
453	Nucleus nervi abducentis	Nucleus of abducens nerve
454	Nucleus nervi facialis	Motor nucleus of facial nerve
455	Nucleus salivatorius superior	Superior salivatory nucleus
456	Nucleus lacrimalis	Lacrimal nucleus
457	Nucleus olivaris superior	Superior olivary nucleus; superior olivary complex
458	Nucleus olivaris superior lateralis	Lateral superior olivary nucleus
459	Nucleus olivaris superior medialis	Medial superior olivary nucleus
460	Nuclei periolivares	Peri-olivary nuclei
461	Nuclei mediales	Medial nuclei
462	Nuclei laterales	Lateral nuclei
463	Nuclei corporis trapezoidei	Nuclei of trapezoid body
464	Nucleus anterior corporis trapezoidei	Anterior nucleus of trapezoid body; ventral nucleus of trapezoid body
465	Nucleus lateralis corporis trapezoidei	Lateral nucleus of trapezoid body
466	Nucleus medialis corporis trapezoidei	Medial nucleus of trapezoid body
467	Nuclei vestibulares	Vestibular nuclei
468	Nucleus vestibularis medialis Schwalbe	Medial vestibular nucleus Schwalbe
469	Nucleus vestibularis lateralis Deiters	Lateral vestibular nucleus Deiters
470	Pars parvocellularis	Parvocellular part
471	Nucleus vestibularis superior	Superior vestibular nucleus
472	Nuclei cochleares	Cochlear nuclei
473	Nuclei lemnisci lateralis	Nuclei of lateral lemniscus
474	Nucleus posterior lemnisci lateralis	Posterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus; dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus
475	Nucleus intermedius lemnisci lateralis	Intermediate nucleus of lateral lemniscus
476	Nucleus anterior lemnisci lateralis	Anterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus; ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus
477	Nucleus tegmentalis anterior	Anterior tegmental nucleus; ventral tegmental nucleus
478	Nucleus caeruleus	Caerulean nucleus
479	Nucleus subcaeruleus	Subcaerulean nucleus
480	Nuclei interstitiales fasciculi longitudinalis medialis	Interstitial nuclei of medial longitudinal fasciculus
481	Nuclei parabrachiales	Parabrachial nuclei
482	Nucleus subparabrachialis Kölliker-Fuse	Subparabrachial nucleus Kölliker-Fuse
483	Nucleus parabrachialis lateralis	Lateral parabrachial nucleus
484	Pars lateralis	Lateral part; lateral subnucleus
485	Pars medialis	Medial part; medial subnucleus
486	Pars posterior	Posterior part; dorsal part; posterior subnucleus; dorsal subnucleus
487	Pars anterior	Anterior part; ventral part; anterior subnucleus; ventral subnucleus
488	Nucleus parabrachialis medialis	Medial parabrachial nucleus
489	Pars medialis	Medial part; medial subnucleus
490	Pars lateralis	Lateral part; lateral subnucleus
491	Nucleus tegmentalis posterior Gudden	Posterior tegmental nucleus; dorsal tegmental nucleus Gudden
492	Nucleus supralemniscalis	Supralemniscal nucleus
493	Nuclei reticulares	Reticular nuclei
494	Nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis	Caudal pontine reticular nucleus
495	Nucleus reticularis pontis rostralis	Oral pontine reticular nucleus
496	Nucleus paralemniscalis	Paralemniscal nucleus
497	Nucleus reticularis paramedianus	Paramedian reticular nucleus
498	Nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis Bechterew	Reticulotegmental nucleus Bechterew
499	Nuclei raphes	Raphe nuclei
500	Nucleus raphes magnus	Magnus raphe nucleus
501	Nucleus raphe pontis	Pontine raphe nucleus
502	Nucleus raphe medianus	Median raphe nucleus; superior central nucleus
503	Nucleus raphe posterior	Posterior raphe nucleus; dorsal raphe nucleus
504	Ventriculus quartus	Fourth ventricle
505	Fossa rhomboidea	Rhomboid fossa; floor of fourth ventricle
506	Sulcus medianus	Median sulcus
507	Eminentia medialis	Medial eminence
508	Colliculus facialis	Facial colliculus
509	Locus caeruleus	Locus caeruleus
510	Striae medullares ventriculi quarti	Medullary striae of fourth ventricle
511	Trigonum nervi hypoglossi	Hypoglossal trigone; trigone of hypoglossal nerve
512	Trigonum nervi vagi; trigonum vagale	Vagal trigone; trigone of vagus nerve
513	Area vestibularis	Vestibular area
514	Funiculus separans	Funiculus separans
515	Taenia cinerea	Grey line; taenia cinerea
516	Tegmen ventriculi quarti	Roof of fourth ventricle
517	Fastigium	Fastigium
518	Plexus choroideus	Choroid plexus
519	Tela choroidea	Choroid membrane
520	Recessus lateralis	Lateral recess
521	Apertura lateralis Luschkae	Lateral aperture Luschkae
522	Velum medullare superius	Superior medullary velum
523	Frenulum veli medullaris superioris	Frenulum of superior medullary vellum
524	Velum medullare inferius	Inferior medullary vellum
525	Apertura mediana Magendii	Median aperture Magendii
526	Area postrema	Area postrema
527	Obex	Obex
528	Sulcus limitans	Sulcus limitans
529	Fovea superior	Superior fovea
530	Fovea inferior	Inferior fovea

Trace: • pons_varolli

PONS

TERMINOLOGY

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