GOLD STANDARD
What is a 'gold standard'?The term 'gold standard' can be referred to a test or a method. A test whichshows the true status of the patient is termed gold standard. These test are assumedto have 100% sensitivity and specificity. Diagnostic power of other tests areevaluated based on the comparison with the gold standard test.When the termapplies to a method or a procedure, a 'gold standard' serves as a basis for evaluationof other methods.
- Gold standard method for estimating resting energy expenditure - indirect calorimetry
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Iron deficiency anemia – Estimation of serum Ferritin
- Gold standard for evaluation of stem cell transplantation therapy - Hemopoietic stemcell transplantation
- Gold standard technique for differentiating allograft rejection and reactivation of disease after heart transplantation - Endo-myocardial Biopsy
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of DVT - Contrast venography
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of acute pharyngitis - Throat culture
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of pertussis - Culture of nasopharyngeal secretions
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Otitis externa caused by P. aeruginosa -Technetium 99
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Acoustic Neuroma – Gadolinium MRI
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Shigella infection - isolation and identification of pathogen from fecal material
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Tuberculous meningitis - Culture of CSF
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of histoplasmosis - Fungal Culture
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomypathy and atrialmyxoma - Echocardiogram
- Gold standard investigation for imaging heart valves and valve motion abnormalities- 2D echocardiography
- Gold standard investigation for assessment of Myocardial viability (Identification of ischemic or hibernating myocardium)– PET
- Gold standard investigation for assessment of LV mass and volume - MRI
- Gold standard method for evaluation of renal arteries and identification of renal artery lesions - Contrast arteriography
- Gold standard method for evaluation of respiratory gas exchange - ABG
- Gold standard investigation for assessment of albuminuria - 24 hr urine collection
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of PNH (Paroxysmal NocturnalHaemoglobinuria) – Flow cytometry
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of ATTR and other AF mutations - DNAsequencing
- Gold standard method for identifying and quantifying atherosclerosis in cerebralarteries - x-ray cerebral angiography
- Gold standard investigation for evaluating anatomy of arterio venous malformation -x-ray angiography
- Gold standard for diagnosis and classification of ataxia - genotype
- Gold standard medical treatment for symptomatic progressive pulmonary hypertension – Prostacyclin
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of PIH – Serum Urea
- Gold standard for assessment of visual impairment - Snellen's chart
- Gold standard method of treatment of non-castrate metastatic disease - surgical orchidectomy
- Gold standard method for bacterial stain analysis - Pulse-field gel electrophoresis
- Gold standard method of treatment of DCIS - Mastectomy
- Gold standard approach for resection of anterior and middle mediastinal masses -median or lateral thoracotomy
- Gold standard method of treatment of Coarctation of aorta - Surgical repair
- Gold standard method for evaluation of coronary artery disease - cardiac Catheterization
- Gold standard method for culture of V. cholerae o139 - Conventional culture methods
- Gold standard to determine cut-off titre of widal test for diagnosis of Typhoid fever – Nested PCR
- Gold standard treatment of brucellosis in adults - IM Streptomycin + Doxycyclin
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of of chronic arterial mesentric ischemia -angiography
- Gold standard method for treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis - Total proctocolostomy with end ileostomy
- Gold standard method for evaluation of imaging modalities for liver tumours -Intraoperative ultrasonography
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of common bile duct stones - Endoscopic cholangiography
- Gold standard investigation for measurement of GFR - inulin clearance
- Gold standard for treatment of organ confined, muscle invasive, bladder cancer is -radical cystoprostatectomy in men and anterior ppelvic exenteration in woman
- Gold standard for treatment of femoral shaft fractures - reamed locked intramedullary nailing
- Gold standard method in case of difficult intubation - flexible fibreoptic intubation scope
- Gold standard method for diagnosis and treatment of Ventilator AssociatedPneumonia (VAP) - Broncho alveolar lavage
- Gold standard treatment of hyperparathyroidism - Surgery
- Gold standard investigation to differentiate follicular and papillary carcinoma of thyroid gland- histology
- Gold standard procedure for thymectomy - Trans cervical mediastinoscopy andsurgery
- Gold standard for treatment of adrenal tumours - laparoscopic adrenalectomy
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of breast cancer - mammography
- Gold standard method for staging of breast cancer - Axillary lymph node dissection
- Gold standard for evaluation of a stable patient with suspected vascular injury -angiography
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of GERD - Ambulatory 24 hr PHmonitoring
- Gold standard method for treatment of GERD - Laparoccopic Nissens fundoplication
- Gold standard for evaluating cure rate in duodenal ulcer patients – vagotomy
- Gold standard finding for the diagnosis of GI perforation - finding pneumoperitoneum
- Gold standard for diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - Serum gastrinlevels( Most patients have serum gastrin levels above 1000pg/mL)
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of colonic mucosal disease - colonoscopy
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of steatorrhoea - timed quantitative stool fat determination
- Gold standard method for treatment of incontinence with an isolated sphincter defect- overlapping sphincteroplasty
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis and method of management of Acutearterial occlusion – laparotomy
- Gold standard method for confirmation of mesentric arterial occlusion - mesentricangiography
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of celiac disease – Small intestine biopsy
- Gold standard for identifying choledocholithiasis – ERCP
- Gold standard method of treatment of Symptomatic cholelitiasis – Lapcholecystectomy
- Gold standard method for diagnosis Primary sclerosing cholangitis - ERCP
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of Hepatitis C – HCV RNA assay
- Gold standard test for diagnosis of intraluminal bile duct abnormalities - ERCP
- Gold standard method for management of hydatid disease – surgery
- Gold standard method for management of blunt hepatic trauma - non-operativemanagement
- Gold standard test for assessment of function of sphincter of oddi – manometry
- Gold standaard investigation of diagnosis of Klatskin tumor - Cholangiography
- Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of invasive amoebiasis - ELISA
- The gold standard—or most ideal test—is a liver biopsy.
