Cerebellum (Little Brain)

• Microanatomy cerebellum

• CEREBELLUM
  • Cerebellar fissures
  • Folia of cerebellum
  • Hemisphere of cerebellum [H II - H X]
  • Vallecula of cerebellum
  • Vermis of cerebellum [I-X]
  • Vestibulocerebellum
  • Spinocerebellum
  • Pontocerebellum
  • Archicerebellum
  • Paleocerebellum
  • Neocerebellum
  • Body of cerebellum
    • Anterior lobe of cerebellum
      • Lingula [I]
      • Precentral fissure; post-lingual fissure
      • Central lobule [II and III]
        • Anterior part; ventral part [II]
        • Posterior part; dorsal part [III]
      • Wing of central lobule [H II and H III]
        • Inferior part; ventral part [H II]
        • Superior part; dorsal part [H III]
      • Preculminate fissure; post-central fissure
      • Culmen [IV and V]
        • Anterior part; ventral part [IV]
      • Intraculminate fissure
        • Posterior part; dorsal part [V]
      • Anterior quadrangular lobule [H IV and H V]
        • Anterior part; ventral part [H IV]
        • Posterior part; dorsal part [H V]
      • Primary fissure; preclival fissure
    • Posterior lobe of cerebellum
      • Simple lobule [H VI and VI]
        • Declive [VI]
        • Posterior quadrangular lobule [H VI]
      • Posterior superior fissure; post-clival fissure
      • Folium of vermis [VII A]
      • Semilunar lobules; ansiform lobule [H VII A]
        • Superior semilunar lobule; first crus of ansiform lobule
      • Horizontal fissure; intercrural fissure
        • Inferior semilunar lobule; second crus of ansiform lobule
      • Lunogracile fissure; ansoparamedian fissure
      • Tuber [VII B]
      • Gracile lobule; paramedian lobule [H VII B]
      • Prebiventral fissure; prepyramidal fissure
      • Pyramis [VIII]
      • Biventral lobule [H VIII]
        • Lateral part; pars copularis [H VIII A]
      • Intrabiventral fissure; anterior inferior fissure
        • Medial part; dorsal paraflocculus [H VIII B]
      • Secondary fissure; post-pyramidal fissure
      • Uvula [IX]
      • Tonsil of cerebellum; ventral paraflocculus [H IX]
      • Posterolateral fissure
    • Flocculonodular lobe
      • Nodule [X]
      • Peduncle of flocculus
      • Flocculus [H X]
  • Arbor vitae
  • Cerebellar cortex
    • Granular layer
    • Purkinje cell layer
    • Molecular layer
  • Cerebellar nuclei
    • Dentate nucleus; nucleus lateralis cerebelli
      • Hilum of dentate nucleus
    • Anterior interpositus nucleus; emboliform nucleus
    • Posterior interpositus nucleus; globose nucleus
    • Fastigial nucleus; nucleus medialis cerebelli
  • Cerebellar peduncles
    • Inferior cerebellar peduncle
      • Restiform body
      • Juxtarestiform body
    • Middle cerebellar peduncle
    • Superior cerebellar peduncle
    • White substance of cerebellum
    • Cerebellar commmissure
    • Uncinate fasciculus of cerebellum

cerebellum

• external features
  • contains
    • two cerebellar hemispheres
      • united by vermis
  • surface
    • superior surface
      • convex
    • inferior surface
      • shows a deep median notch vallecula
  • each hemisphere is divided in to
    • 3 lobes
      • anterior lobe lies on anterior part of superior surface
      • middle lobe
        • situated on both its surfaces
          • limited front by fissura prima
          • limited by posterolateral fissure on inferior surface
      • flocculonodular lobe is the smallest lobe
        • present infront of posterolateral fissure
    • divided by fissures
      • horizontal fissure
        • separates superior surface from inferior surface
      • primary fissure
        • separates anterior lobe from middle lobe
      • posterolateral fissure
        • separates middle lobe from flocculonodular lobe
• functional divisions
  • lateral zone
    • associative areas or associative cortex
      • planning
      • programming
      • coordination
    • dento-rubro-thalamo-cortical tract
  • intermediate zone
    • hands and feet
    • rubrospinal tract
  • medial zone / vermis
    • controls muscles of
      • trunk
      • neck
      • shoulder
      • hip
• introduction
  • little brain
  • controls the same side of the brain
  • LOCATION
    • situated in posterior cranial fossa
    • infratentorial structure
• morphological division
  • archicerebellum
    • appear in evolution in aquatic vertebrates
    • flocculonodular node and lingula
    • controls axial musculature and bilateral movements
  • paleocerebellum
    • appeared in terrestrial vertebrates with appearance of limbs
    • anterior lobe except lingula
    • pyramid + uvula of inferior vermis
    • controls tone,posture and crude movements
  • neocerebellum
    • newest part of cerebellum
    • made up of posterior/middle cerbellum except pyramid and uvula
    • regulation of fine movements of body
• parts of cerebellum
  • lingula
  • central lobule
    • ala (=wing)
  • culmen
    • quadrangular lobule
  • declive
    • simple lobule
  • folium
    • superior semilunar lobule
  • tuber
    • inferior semilunar lobule
  • pyramid
    • bicentral lobule
  • uvula
    • tonsil
  • nodule
    • flocculus