MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Musculoskeletal system naming follows a certain rule :

• Bone - muscle - bone
• Bony feature - muscle - bony feature
• Bony feature - muscle shape - bony feature
• Bony feature - muscle action - bone
• Origin bone - muscle belly - insertion bone

Humerus - muscle - radius Humerus - muscle - ulna

• ribs – muscle – scapula
  • 3,4,5 costal cartilage - pector minor – coracoid process ( scapula)
  • upper 8 or 9 ribs – serratus anterior – costal surface medial margin scapula
• ribs – muscle – clavicle
  • first rib – subclavius – subclavian groove

• SCAPULA
  • Scapula - muscle - humerus ( rule - 1 )
    • posterior surface, inferior angle scapula – teres major – medial lip of groove (H)
    • supraspinous fossa (scapula) – supraspinatus – superior facet ( great tubercle) (H)
    • Infraspinous fossa – infraspinatus – middle facet( h)
    • lateral border of scapula – teres minor – inferior facet
    • subscapular fossa – subscapularis – lesser tubercle
    • coracoid process scapula – coracobrachialis – medial surface of humerus
  • scapula – muscle – radius
    • coracoid process - short head biceps – radial tuberosity
    • supraglenoid tubercle – long head biceps – radial tuberosity
  • scapula – muscle – ulna
    • infraglenoid tubercle of scapula – long head – olecranon of ulna
• multiple origins
  • clavicle , acromion , spine of scapula - deltoid - deltoid tuberosity (H)
  • clavicle , sternum , costal cartilage – pectoralis major – intertubercular groove(h)
• HUMERUS
  • humerus – muscle - ulna
    • anterior surface humerus – brachialis – coronoid process ulna
    • posterior humerus (above radial sulcus) – lateral head – ulna
    • posterior humerus - (below radial sulcus) – medial head – ulna
    • lateral epicondyle of humerus – anconeus – lateral surface of olecranon
  • humerus – muscle – radius
    • medial epicondyle of humerus – pronator teres – pronator tuberosity radius
    • lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus – Brachioradialis – radial styloid process (distal radius)
  • humerus – muscle – (wrist) metacarpals
    • medial epicondyle of humerus – FCR – bases of second metacarpal, base of third metacarpal
    • medial epicondyle of humerus – Palmaris longus – palmar aponeurosis
    • medial epicondyle of humerus – FCU – pisiform, hook of hamate, base of fifth metacarpal
    • lateral epicondyle of humerus – ECU – 5th metacarpal
    • lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus – ECRL – 2nd metacarpal
    • anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus – base of 3rd metacarpal
  • Humerus – muscle – phalanges ( fingers )
    • middle digits ( except thumb )
      • medial epicondyle of humerus – FDS – bases of middle phalanges 2, 3, 4, and 5
      • lateral epicondyle of humerus - ED – 2nd–5th phalanges
      • anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus - EDM - base of proximal phalanx on dorsal side
• ULNA
  • ulna – muscle – radius
    • coronoid process of ulna – pronator teres – pronator tuberosity of radius
    • medial anterior surface of ulna – pronator quadratus – lateral anterior surface of radius
  • ulna – muscle – metacarpals
    • Ulna – Abd pollicis longus – First metacarpal
• ulna – muscle – digits
  • ulna – FDP – distal phalanges
  • ulna – EI – index finger
  • ulna, interosseous membrane of forearm – EPL – distal phalanx of thumb
• radius – muscle – digits
  • middle half of volar surface of radius– FPL – base of distal phalanx of thumb
  • radius, interosseous membrane of forearm – EPB – proximal phalanx of thumb

• CARPALS
  • Carpals – muscle – metacarpals
    • trapezium,transverse carpal ligament –opponens pollicis – metacarpal bone of thumb on its radial side
  • carpal – muscle – phalanx
    • trapezoid, flexor retinaculum – FPB – thumb, proximal phalanx
    • scaphoid and trapezium – Abd pollicis brevis – radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb
    • pisiform – abductor digit minimi – base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
    • hammate – flexor DM brevis – little finger
    • hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum – opponens digiti mini - little finger
• metacarpal – muscle – thumb
  • anterior body of third metacarpal – add pollicis – medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
  • Dorsal interossei – phalanges
  • palmar interossei – phalanges

• vertebra – muscle – femur
  • intervertebral discs of T12-L5 vertebrae – psoas major – lesser trochanter of femur
• vertebra – muscle – pelvic bone
  • side of T11+L1 and IV – psoas minor – Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence

• PELVIC BONE
  • pelvic bone
    • ILIUM – MUSCLE – FEMUR
      • iliac fossa – iliacus – lesser trochanter of femur
      • iliac crest – tensor fasciae latae – iliotibial tract
      • gluteal surface of ilium – GMax – gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract
      • gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus – GMed – greater trochanter of femur
      • gluteal surface of ilium, – Gmin – greater trochanter of femur
    • OBTURATOR
      • obturator foramen and obturatory membrane – OE – medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
    • ISCHIUM
      • ISCHIUM – MUSCLE – FEMUR
        • ischial spine – SG – femur
        • ischiopubic ramus, obturator membrane – OI – medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
        • ischial tuberosity – IG – obturator internus tendon
        • ischial tuberosity – QF – intertrochanteric crest
      • ISCHIUM – muscle – tibia
        • superior to anterior superior iliac spine – sartorius – medial side of upper tibia in pes anserinus
        • ischial tuberosity – BICEPS FEMORIS – FIBULA HEAD , articulating with back of lateral tibial condyle
        • ischial tuberosity – ST – pes anserinus
        • ischial tuberosity – SM – medial surface of tibia
        • inferior pubic ramus – GRACILIS – tibia (pes anserinus)
    • PUBIS
      • superior pubic ramus – PECTINEUS – lesser trochanter, linea aspera
      • anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus – AB – lesser trochanter and linea aspera of femur
      • pubic body just below pubic crest – AL – middle third of linea aspera
      • PUBIS – AL – femur, adductor tubercle of femur
    • PELVIC – MUSCLE – PATELLA
      • anterior inferior iliac spine – RF – patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
• sacrum – muscle – femur
  • sacrum – piriformis – greater trochanter
• FEMUR
  • FEMUR – MUSCLE – TIBIA
    • middle facet of lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle – POPLITEUS – posterior tibia under tibial condyles
  • FEMUR – MUSCLE – PATELLA
    • greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line – VL – patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
    • anterior surface of femur – VI – patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
    • anteromedial surface of femur – VM – patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
  • FEMUR – MUSCLE – TARSAL
    • medial condyle and lateral condyle of femur – Gastrocnemius –
    • lateral supracondylar ridge of femur – plantaris – calcaneal tendon

• TIBIA
  • TIBIA – MUSCLE – TARSALS
  • tibia, fibula – TP – navicular, medial cuneiform
  • fibula, medial border of tibia (soleal line) – soleus – calcaneus
  • TIBIA – MUSCLE – METATARSAL
  • body of tibia – tibialis anterior – medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of foot
  • TIBIA – MUSCLE – PHALNGES
    • medial tibia – FDL – distal phalanges of lateral four digits
    • lateral condyle of tibia – EDL – middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

• FIBULA
  • FIBULA – MUSCLE – PHALANGES
    • middle portion of anterior surface of fibula, – EHL – dorsal side of base of distal phalanx of hallux
    • distal anterior surface of fibula – FT – dorsal surface of fifth metatarsal
    • posterior surface of upper 1/3 of fibula – FHL – base of distal phalanx of hallux
    • FIBULA – FIB LONGUS – first metatarsal, medial cuneiform
    • FIBULA – FIB BREVIS – Fifth metatarsal

• tarsals — muscle – phalanges
  • calcaneus – EHB – base of proximal phalanx of big toe
  • medial process of calcaneus, – FDB – middle phalanges of digits 2–5
  • plantar surface of cuneiforms, – FHB – medial sesamoid bone of metatarsophalangeal joint,
  • medial process of calcaneus, – abductor hallucis – medial side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit
• METATARSAL – MUSCLE – PHALANGES
  • metatarsals – DORSAL INTEROSSEI – proximal phalanges
  • plantar aponeurosis – abductor digiti minimi (foot) — phalanges of fifth toe
  • fifth metatarsal bone – FDMB – phalanx of fifth toe
  • proximal ends of middle 3 metatarsals – adductor hallucis – lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe, sesamoid