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--- hinglish:lung [2021/08/29 10:11] – created brahmantra
+++ hinglish:lung [2021/08/29 10:12] () – brahmantra
@@ 4: / 4: @@
 THE SEQUENCE OF WORKFLOW ,,,
-  CONDUCTING = NOSE,LARYNX AND TRACHEA (large roadways)
+  * CONDUCTING = NOSE,LARYNX AND TRACHEA (large roadways)
-   DISTRIBUTING = BRONCHI,BRONCHIOLES (distributors or distributing streets or small roads)
+  * DISTRIBUTING = BRONCHI,BRONCHIOLES (distributors or distributing streets or small roads)
-    TRADING = ALVEOLI (tradepoint)
+  * TRADING = ALVEOLI (tradepoint)
 Respiratory physiology >>> pulmonary ventilation >>>> forced expiratory flow rate >>> maximal expiratory flow rate
@@ 41: / 41: @@
 all single balloon with pipes connect together to form bronchi
 all these bronchi connect to the main road called trachea
+the terminology to be understood here is
+residual = remaining space occupied by traffic (after maxmimum traffic outflow)
+expiratory reserve = stock space (after normal traffic outflow the maximum space which can be emptied by exhalation)
+inspiratory reserve = stock space (after normal traffic inflow the maximum space which can be filled by inhalation)
+capacity = available space
+inspiratory capacity = total available space for filling the stocks ( stock space filled normally(TIDAL VOLUME)  + stock space filled forcefully(INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME)
+vital capacity = important available space after emptying ,
+forced volume = forcibly increasing space
+tidal or flowing in the form of tides = quiet breathing (quiet movement of traffic)
+forced flow =
+TLC(Total lungland space) - Total lung capacity: the volume(space) in the lungs(lungland) at maximal inflation, the sum of VC and RV.
+TV Tidal volume: that volume of air(traffic)  moved into or out of the lungs(lungland space) during quiet breathing(normal traffic without external force)
+                   (TV indicates a subdivision of the lung; when tidal volume is precisely measured, as in gas exchange calculation,
+                    the symbol TV or VT is used.)
+RV Residual volume: the volume of air(traffic) remaining in the lungs(lungland) after a maximal exhalation(outflow of traffic)
+ERV Expiratory reserve volume: the maximal volume of air(traffic) that can be exhaled(moved out) from the end-expiratory position(ending outflow traffic position)
+IRV Inspiratory reserve volume: the maximal volume(traffic) that can be inhaled(moved in) from the end-inspiratory level(end inflow traffic level)
+IC Inspiratory capacity: the sum of IRV and TV
+IVC Inspiratory vital capacity: the maximum volume of air(traffic) inhaled(coming inwards) from the point of maximum expiration(outflow)
+VC Vital capacity: the volume of air breathed out after the deepest inhalation.
+VT Tidal volume: that volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing
+                   (VT indicates a subdivision of the lung; when tidal volume is precisely measured, as in gas exchange calculation,
+                    the symbol TV or VT is used.)
+FRC Functional residual capacity: the volume in the lungs at the end-expiratory position
+RV/TLC% Residual volume expressed as percent of TLC
+VA Alveolar gas volume
+VL Actual volume of the lung including the volume of the conducting airway.
+FVC Forced vital capacity: the determination of the vital capacity from a maximally forced expiratory effort
+FEVt Forced expiratory volume (time): a generic term indicating the volume of air exhaled under
+                   forced conditions in the first t seconds
+FEV1 Volume that has been exhaled at the end of the first second of forced expiration
+FEFx Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the FVC curve; modifiers refer to amount of FVC already exhaled
+FEFmax The maximum instantaneous flow achieved during a FVC maneuver
+FIF   Forced inspiratory flow: (Specific measurement of the forced inspiratory curve is denoted by nomenclature
+                   analogous to that for the forced expiratory curve.
+                  For example, maximum inspiratory flow is denoted FIFmax.
+                  Unless otherwise specified, volume qualifiers indicate the volume inspired from RV at the point of measurement.)
+PEF     Peak expiratory flow: The highest forced expiratory flow measured with a peak flow meter
+MVV Maximal voluntary ventilation: volume of air expired in a specified period during repetitive maximal effort
+lungland also has smallrooms called exchangepoint.
+the rooms are present opposite to one another,they are present with windows and doors through which the exchange of materials takes place .
+cells are always arranged in series ,so the rooms are also present adjacent to one another
+V̇ or V — ventilation — the air that reaches the alveoli (source >>> path >>>> goal (reaching the alveoli)
+Q̇ or Q — perfusion — the blood that reaches the alveoli via the capillaries (reaching the alveoli via capillaaries) goal
+when the two goals(trading zones) coincide with each other it results in a process of exchange,
+when the two goals(depart) from each other it results in a process of removal (plan for action)
+The V/Q ratio can therefore be defined as the ratio of the amount of air reaching the alveoli per minute to the amount of blood
+reaching the alveoli per minute—a ratio of volumetric flow rates.
+These two variables, V & Q, constitute the main determinants of the blood oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration.
+Extreme alterations of V/Q
+An area with perfusion but no ventilation (and thus a V/Q of zero) is termed "shunt."
+An area with ventilation but no perfusion (and thus a V/Q undefined though approaching infinity) is termed dead space.

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