ETIOLOGY

*I. The GENERAL CAUSES OF DISEASE, may be distinguished into such as are either

• Other bodies of a malignant dangerous quality, ‖ either spreading their efficacy by insensible Effluvia: or such as being taken in a small quantity, prove destructive to life.
  • CONTAGION, Infection, taint, catching, run, spread, diffuse.
  • विष , जहर , envenom, virulent.

• Violent motion; causing either ‖ a dissolution of continuity: or too great a pressure upon the parts, when the skin is not cut.
  • मार लगना , घाव , जख्म , चोट , क्षति , WOUND, Hurt▪ Sore, vulnerary, cut, break ones head, Scarr.
  • खरोंच , कुचलना , चमड़ी छिलना , चमड़ी उधड़ना , साँट batter, shatter.

laceration
	erosion , abrasion , scratch , rupture , perforation , wounds

Humors; whether ‖ as to the error of Excess: or bad disposition.

• PLETHORA, Fulness.
• CACOCHYMIA, Ill humors.

Qualities; ‖ according to the general name, denoting Excess or Defect: or that particular Indisposition which is most frequent, name∣ly, too much Heat.

• व्यथा , रंग परिवर्तन .
• सूजन , प्रदाह , षोथ , षोध , INFLAMMATION.

Stopping, or blowing of them up.

• OBSTRUCTION, Oppilation.
  • narrowing or decreasing and shortening in width , height or depth
    • narrowing of tubular structures
      • सन्निरोध , संकीर्णता (stenosis ), निकोचन (stricture)
        • रोधगलन , ischemia
        • reversal of flow
          • प्रतिवाह , ऊर्ध्वनिक्षेप , reflux
          • पश्चवाह , प्रत्यावहन , regurgitation
          • उल्टी , वामन , vomiting
  • narrowing or stopping of hollow organs either due to
    • पक्षाघात , लकवा
      • हृदय पक्षाघात ,
    • कमजोरी , निर्बलता
      • अर्ध निर्बलता
  • due to accumulation of various elements
    • वायु , हवा
      • pneumothorax , pneumomediastinum , air embolism , pneumoperitoneum
    • जल , पानी या दूसरे प्रकार के तरल पदार्थ
      • पूति
    • अश्मरी , पत्थर , लिट्ठी
      • bile stones , kidney stone , salivary calculi
• INFLATION, puffed up, flatulent, windy.
  • widening , enlarging or increasing in height , width or depth
    • dilatation of tubular structures
      • धमनिविस्फार (aneurysm) , शिरा विस्फार (varices), वातास्फीति , वायुस्फिती (emphysema ) , श्वसनी विस्फार (bronchiectasis ) , विपुटी (diverticulum) , dilatation of intestine ,
    • enlargement of of hollow or compact organs
      • lungs , bladder , heart ( cardiomegaly , hypertrophy ) , ventriculomegaly
• STOPPING or Complete closure
  • Complete Closure
    • अविवरता , अछिद्रता atresia , imperforate ( anus , vagina )

• decreased bone height
  • बौनापन , छोटा कद , short stature , cretinism , dwarf
• decreased cell size or muscle mass and fat due to decreased nutrition or other causes
  • muscular atrophy and dystrophy , gland atrophy
  • low birth weight baby , lean , thin built body , starvation , malnutrition disorders
  • marasmus , kwashirokar
• decreased or stopped function of compact organs
  • पक्षाघात
    • Quadripelgia , hemiplegia , cerebral palsy , progressive supranuclear palsy , bells palsy , brown sequard syndrome , erbs palsy , pseudobulbar palsy
  • कमजोरी , निर्बलता या अल्प गति
    • hemiparesis
    • hypokinetic disorders , bradycardia , bradypnoea

• increased bone height
  • acromegaly , gigantism
• increased cell size or muscle mass or fat due to increased nutrition or other causes
  • hepatomegaly , splenomegaly , thyromegaly
  • obesity
• increased or continuously increasing function of compact organs
  • fast motion
    • atrial or ventricular flutter and fibrillation
    • hyperkinetic disorders , tachycardia , tachypnoea
    • spasm , achlasia cardia , bronchospasm , hemifacial spasm , angina pectoris or vasospasm

• Antecedent, or Cause; ‖ a Collection of putrid matter.
  • ABSCESSUS, Aposteme.

• Consequent, or Effect; in relation to the
  • Aperture or Cavity made by the Corrosion of this putrid mat∣ter; being either ‖ roundish, or oblong.
    • ULCER, Sore, Botch, Canker.
    • FISTULA.
  • Defect of animal spirits, whereby Sense and Motion is to be com∣municated, so as a part becomes cadaverous and mortified, ac∣cording to a ‖ lesser: or greater degree.
    • GANGRENE.
    • SPHACELUS.