| THOUGHT | MANTRAKSHAR | ETYMOLOGY | DEFINITION |
| Concept |  | From con- + capio. | Mental representation or an abstract object |
| Abstract concept | | abs- (“away”) + trahō (“to pull, draw”) | Classifications that denote whether a term describes an object with a physical referent or one with no physical referents |
| Concrete concept | | (com- + crescō). | Classifications that denote whether a term describes an object with a physical referent or one with no physical referents |
| Conjecture |  | con- (“together”) + iaciō (“throw, hurl”) | Proposition in mathematics that is unproven |
| Decision |  | From dē- (“down from”) + cadō (“I fall”). | (see Decision-making) |
| Definition |  | dē- + fīniō (“set a limit, bound, end”) | Statement that attaches a meaning to a term |
| Explanation |  | ex- + plānus | Set of statements constructed to describe a set of facts which clarifies causes |
| Hypothesis |  | ὑπό (hupó, “below”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I put, place”) | Proposed explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem |
| Idea |  | εἴδω (eídō, “I see”) | Mental image or concept |
| Logical argument |  | arguo | |
| Logical assertion |  | ad- + serō (“sow, plant”) | |
| Mental image |  | mēns (“mind, disposition; heart, soul”) | Representation in an individual's mind of the physical world outside of that individual |
| Percept / Perception |  | per- (“through”) + capiō (“capture, seize; understand”) | |
| Premise |  | prae- (“before”) + mittere (“to send”) | Statement that an argument claims will induce or justify a conclusion |
| Proposition |  | From prō- + pōnō (“put, place”) | Non-linguistic meaning of a sentence |
| Syllogism |  | σῠν- (sun-, “together”) + λογίζομαι (logízomai, “to calculate”) | Type of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning |
| Theory |  | θέα (théa, “view”) + ὁράω (horáō, “I see | Supposition or system of ideas intended to explain something |
| Thought experiment |  | | Considering a hypothesis, theory, or principle for the purpose of thinking through its consequences |
