• Formal science is a branch of science studying disciplines concerned with abstract structures described by formal systems
  • A field of study that discovers and organizes methods, theories and theorems that are developed and proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself.
    • Mathematics
    • mathematical word symbolism
  • the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic.
    • logic
    • Logic word symbolism
  • discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.
    • statistics
  • the mathematical study of the quantification, storage, and communication of information.
    • information theory
  • Systems theory is the transdisciplinary study of systems, i.e. cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent components that can be natural or artificial.
    • systems theory
      • Symbol systems theory
  • Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions
    • game theory
  • Decision theory (or the theory of choice) is a branch of applied probability theory and analytic philosophy concerned with the theory of making decisions based on assigning probabilities to various factors and assigning numerical consequences to the outcome.
    • decision theory
    • Ars judicandi
  • the study of computation, information, and automation.
    • Computer science
• formal systems
  • formal language
  • Formal semantics

• In mathematical logic, a formal theory is a set of sentences expressed in a formal language.

An interpretation is an assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language. Many formal languages used in mathematics, logic, and theoretical computer science are defined in solely syntactic terms, and as such do not have any meaning until they are given some interpretation. The general study of interpretations of formal languages is called formal semantics.

• Theory of forms
  • Study of shapes , geometry or designs
    • microshapes , nano shapes
    • shapes , forms , loops , frames
    • shadows , silhouettes

• Morphology (linguistics), the study of the structure and content of word forms
• Mathematical morphology, a theoretical model based on lattice theory, used for digital image processing