ORTHOGRAPHY
1D COMBINATIONS
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2D COMBINATIONS
- Hollow
- Quadrants -
- right upper , left upper , right lower , left lower
- Half
- vertical
- left semicircle , right semicircle
- Horizontal
- Upper semicircle , lower semicircle
- Oblique halves
- 2D directions or Orientations
- Up
- down
- left
- right
- 2D complex orientations or Quadrant orientations
- present in only one quadrants but having directions between the two
- upper right
- upper left
- lower right
- lower left
- present in two quadrants ( 4 sides or 4 quadrants )
- upper right and lower left
- upper left and lower right
- upper side ( right and upper left )
- lower side ( right and lower left )
- right side ( upper and lower rights )
- left side ( upper and lower lefts )
In this case, we list all object pairs from the set while also taking order into consideration. We find that there are 12 permutations in total: AB, AC, AD, BA, BC, BD, CA, CB, CD, DA, DB, and DC.
It is important to recognize that the AB and BA permutations are dissimilar because, in the first case, A was selected first while, in the second, B was selected first; i.e., the order is of significance.
Let's calculate the number of combinations of two letters from the same set: {A, B, C, D}.
As we are calculating combinations, we are no longer interested in the order of the elements. As such, we can quickly and easily identify all the combinations by looking at the permutations and deleting all those that include the same letters.
In this regard, AB and BA are treated as being the same. As such, we have six combinations: AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, and CD.
- Either ( 1D COMBINATIONS OR DIRECTIONS )
- L = left , R = right ( LR , RL )
- U = Up , D = down ( UD , DU )
- F = front , B = Back ( BF , FB )
- U = Up , D = down , L = left , R = right ( 2D COMBINATIONS )
- UU (0) , UD(1) , UL(6) , UR(5)
- DU(1) , DD (0) , DL(2) , DR (4)
- LU(6) , LD(2) , LL (0), LR (3)
- RU(5) , RD (4) , RL(3) , RR (0)
- U = Up , D = down , L = left , R = right , F = front , B = Back ( 3D COMBINATIONS )
- UDL, UDR, UDF, UDB,
- ULR, ULF, ULB,
- URF, URB,
- UFB,
- DLR, DLF, DLB,
- DRF, DRB,
- DFB,
- LRF, LRB,
- LFB,
- RFB
| up | down | left | right | upper left | upper right | down left | down right | upright downleft | upleft downright |
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- 2D vector component of alphabet
- Circle -
- Dot , point
- Solid
- Square
- Bit , pixel
- Solid
- Hollow
- Quadrant
- upper
- right , left
- obstacle
- entry
- adverbs , adjectives
- lower
- right , left
- Prepositional ideograms
- sitting person
- Halves
- Right half , left half
- rooms
- upper Half , lower half
- Rhombus
- twinkle
- Solid
- Quadrant
- upper Right angled triangles
- upper left , upper right
- lower right angled triangles
- lower left , lower right
- Halves
- Vertical
- right triangle , left triangle
- Transverse
- Upper triangle , lower triangle
- Hollow
- Quadrant
- oblique line
- left and right
- Halves
- vertical
- left half triangle , right half triangle
- Horizontal
- upper half triangle , lower half triangle
- Compound
- half triangle
- with a handle
- hook
- with a loop or fold
- with a tooth
- with a tag or oblique line
- doublets of
- side by side
- one on top of another opposite
- Half square
- with a handle
- spoon
- with a loop of fold
- with a tooth
- with a tag or oblique line
- doublets of
- same faces / tips
- opposite faces / tips
- straight half triangle
- With a handle
- straight Z shape
- with a loop or fold
- with a tooth
-
-
- acute angle
-
-
- with a tag
- square root symbol
- Semicircles
- with a Handle
- with a Tag
- with a circular loop
- Doublets
- same faces / tips
- one on top of other same side
- different faces / tips
- acute angle triangle
- acute half angled triangle
- Obtuse angle triangle
- obtuse half angled triangle
- More complex
- circle and square
- Triangle
- with a handle
- on its tip
- on its side
- with an oblique tag
- doublets of
- same faces / tips
- opposite faces / tips
STROKES
Mantrakshar strokes are the calligraphic strokes needed to write the Mantrakshar characters in regular script used in calligraphy.These strokes are the classified set of line patterns that may be arranged and combined to form character.
The study and classification of Mantrakshar strokes is used for:
- understanding mantrakshar character calligraphy – the correct method of writing, shape formation and stroke order required for character legibility;
- understanding stroke changes according to the style that is in use;
- defining stroke naming and counting conventions;
- identifying fundamental components of Mantrakshar radicals; and
- their use in computing.
The Logic of combining two strokes basically depends on 3 principles
- 1. Direction - leftward , rightward , upward , downward
- 3. Orientation - transverse , longitudinal , oblique
SINGLE STROKES
These are the most basic strokes used for creating almost any character in mantrakshar.These strokes are also used to create the mantrakshar particles.These basic strokes are written in a very small quantity just to signify the presence so they are usually considered to be equivalent to dots because you cannot differentiate these strokes with each other.Their writing order is given below in the picture as horizontal stroke is written from left to right , vertical stroke is written from top to bottom , left slash is written as a throw away towards left side, right slash is written some what slowly and stress is given so it is a press down stroke toward the right lower corner.
Combined Oblique ^ Combined axis ^ overall combined ^
DOUBLE STROKES
These are the compound pair of strokes which can be written without lifting the pen.These strokes are also used frequently in constructing the mantrakshar characters.
TRIPLE STROKES
A compound stroke (also called a complex stroke) is produced when two or more basic strokes are combined in a single stroke written without lifting the writing instrument from the writing surface.Below is the list of the complex triple stroke formed by the combination of basic 3 strokes.These strokes are used in forming a huge number of mantrakshar characters as well as forming the devanagri alphabets.
Another form of writing is cursive which is formed by combining the cursive forms.The sanskrit or devanagri alphabets use straight strokes as well as cursive strokes which are written in a combined form,they combine the cursive forms with the simple basic strokes like vertical bar , horizontal bar and then the full alphabet is formed.below is a simple table showing the alphabets of sanskrit formed by combining the cursive with the straight forms.
FOUR STROKES
This category contains 4 strokes which can be written without lifting the pen or some strokes have to be written by lifting the pen.
E form of strokes have to be written by lifting the pen once.
CURSIVE AND ENCLOSED FORMS
CURSIVE
ENCLOSED
- Rhombus
- square
- rectangle
- parallelogram
MISCELLANEOUS
COMBINATION OF STROKES
While some strokes which can be equated to pictograms can be easily understood but other strokes which are not pictograms has to be degraded in to smaller strokes so that they can be easily understood. All these strokes mainly come under the category of simple ideograms.