Anatomical terms of location and regions of human body

From Mantropedia

Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position provides a definition of what is at the front (anterior), behind (posterior) and so on. As part of defining and describing terms, the is described through the use of anatomical planes and anatomical axes.

The meaning of terms that are used can change depending on whether organism is bipedal or quadrupedal. Additionally, for some animals as invertebrates, some terms may not have any meaning at all; for example, that is radially symmetrical will have no anterior surface, but can still have a description that a part is close to the middle (proximal) or further from the middle (distal).

International organisations have determined vocabularies that are often used as standard vocabularies for subdisciplines of anatomy, for example, Terminologia Anatomica for humans, and Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria for animals. These allow parties that use anatomical terms, as anatomists, veterinarians, and medical doctors to have a standard set of terms to communicate clearly the position of a structure.

0D CENTER

0D body center

1D AXES

body lines

Organisms where the ends of the long axis are distinct. (Paramecium caudatum, above, and Stentor roeselii, below.) The axes of the are lines drawn about which organism is roughly symmetrical.[8] To this, distinct ends of organism are chosen, and the axis is named according to those directions. An organism that is symmetrical on both sides has three main axes that intersect at right angles.[3] An organism that is round or not symmetrical may have different axes.Example axes are:

The anteroposterior axis

The cephalocaudal axis

The dorsoventral axis.

2D PLANES

body planes

2d plane locations

Anatomical planes in a

Main article: Anatomical plane

Anatomical terms describe structures with relation to four main anatomical planes:

The median plane, which divides the into left and right. This passes through the head, spinal cord, navel, and, in many animals, the .

The sagittal planes, which are parallel to the median plane.

The frontal plane, also called the coronal plane, which divides the into front and back.

The horizontal plane, also known as the transverse plane, which is perpendicular to the other two planes. In a , this plane is parallel to the ground; in a quadruped, this divides the into anterior and posterior sections.

3D REGIONS

Body regions

3d region locations

ANALOGICAL POSITIONS IN 2D AND 3D SPACES ( COMPARISION )

Front (3D) is Right ( 2D) / Left ( 2D )

anterior in 3d space is right / left in 2d space

posterior in 3d space is right /left in 2d space

Back ( 3D) is left ( 2D ) / Right (2D )

Height ( z axis ) in 3d becomes Height ( y Axis ) in 2d

Up ( 3d) is

down ( 3d) in down

above ( 3d) is above

below ( 3d) is below

medial( 3d) is medial

lateral ( 3d) is lateral

proximal ( 3d) is proximal

distal ( 3d) is distal ( 2d )

center ( 3d ) is center ( 2d )

periphery ( 3d ) is periphery in ( 2d)

COMPLEX POSITIONS

superior	inferior	medial	lateral / marginal	internal	external	dorsal / posterior	ventral / anterior
Anterior	anterosuperior	anteroinferior	anteromedial	anterolateral / anteromarginal	anterointernal	Sagittal plane	anteroventral
Posterior	posterosuperior	posteroinferior	posteromedial	posterolateral / posteromarginal
Ventral	ventromedial	ventrolateral
Dorsal	dorsomedial	dorsolateral	dorso-posterior	dorso-anterior
Centro	centromedian
Intermedio	intermediomedial	intermediolateral
Ipsi	Ipsimedial	Ipsilateral
Contra	Contramedial	Contralateral
Co	Collateral
Superficial	Superficial posterior	superficial anterior
Deep	Deep posterior	Deep anterior
dexter
sinister

RELATIONS BETWEEN DOTS , AXIS AND PLANES

Special; with relation to the several parts of any thing, consider'd as a

dot , center , origin

Line; the interjacent part: or those which are most remote from each other.

Axial , axis , central line

Planes , in relation to central planes

dot in a 2d plane is called center

line in a 2d plane

central axis , , diameter

plane in a 2d plane is called adjacent planes

Regions , in relation to Central regions

adjacent regions

Distance in a 2d plane or 3d region

distance from main axis being either

proximal , near

Distal , far

facing towards and nearer or away from and farther axis

medial

lateral